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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacillus Subtilis var niger |
Organism indicator of oven |
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Bacillus stearrhothermophilus |
Organism indicator of autoclave |
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Eschericia coli |
Common cause of UTI generally |
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Staphylococcus saphrophyticus |
Common cause of UTI in younger females |
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Steam under pressure, 15-30 min, 15lbs. PSI |
Principle of autoclave, time, pressure? |
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Boric acid |
Common fixative of urine |
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Gaspak jar, methylene blue & resazurin respectively |
Anaereobic culture is incubated at what jar? Indicators? |
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Bacillus subtilis var globiji |
Organism indicator of ethylene oxide? |
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Listeria, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga |
Tumbling motility, darting, gliding motility? |
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Ricketssia, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, spirochetes |
Organisms not gram stained |
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Suprapubic aspiration |
Manner of collection of anaerobic specimen from urine? |
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Sodium Hypochlorite |
Best disinfectant? |
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Bartlett's classification |
Sputum is an unsterile specimen therefore it needs to be evaluated. What classification is used to evaluate suitability of sputum |
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< 10 SEC & >25 PMN cells |
Suitable sputum specimen should have how many PMN and SEC? |
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Measure, dissolve, sterilize, dispense |
Media preparation of Plated media? |
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Measure, dissolve, dispense, sterilize |
Media preparation of tubed media |
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Sulfuric acid + Ethyl Alcohol |
Modified Kinyoun's Acid Alcohol?Is comprisd of what? |
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Ziehl Neelsen ( 3 grams Fuchsin, 5% Phenol) Kinyoun's method ( 4 grams Fuchsin, 9 % Phenol) |
Carbol fuchsin composition of Ziehl- Neelsen? How about Kinyoun's? |
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M. leprae ( Red ) M.tuberculosis (Blue) |
What Acid Fast organism Baumgartens differentiates? Give the color reaction. |
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M.smegmatis ( Blue) M.tuberculosis (Red) |
What Acid Fast organism Pappenheimer differentiates? give color reaction |
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Kinyoun's Method |
Best Acid Fast Staining method for tissue acid fast staining. |
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Chick embryo & Mc Coy cells respectively |
Tissue culture media for rickettsiae? How about chlamydia? |
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Cervical cancer cells & Lung carcinoma cells used for tissue culture of viruses |
HeLa cells & A549 cells are what? |
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Chloral Hydrate |
Component of selective agar that prevents swarming |
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Diciloinic acid / Calcium dipicolinate |
Content of spores that makes them resistant? |
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S.agalactae; Female genital specimen |
Todd-Hewitt is a selective abd differential media for what organism? What kind of specimen? |
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CNA |
What media is selective for gram (+) organism? |
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Muellher-Hinton |
Media for susceptibility testing? |
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CATALASE TEST Positive: Staph&Micrococcus ; Vigorous bubbling Negative: Streptococcus |
Test that differentiates STAPHYLOCOCCUS & MICROCOCCUS from STREPTOCOCCUS what is the positive reaction? |
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0.04units of BACITRACIN (Taxo A) |
All Staphylococcus are resistant to? |
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S.aureus - GOLDEN YELLOWS.citreus- LEMON YELLOWS.albus- WHITE |
Give the color of each in Leoffler's Serum Slant (SSS) S.aureus S.citreus S.albus |
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Nasopharynx |
S.aureus is a normal flora of where? |
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-Plates : Smooth, circular, opaque colonies with oil like (buttery looking) butyrous appearance -Tellurite agar: Jet black -Broth: Uniform turbidity |
Growth/Colony morphology of S.aureus? |
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CATALASE: Positive COAGULASE: Positive MANNITOL FERMENTATION TEST: Positive DNase:Positive VP & NITRATE: Positive |
Tests for Identification of S.aureus?
CATALASE: COAGULASE: MANNITOL FERMENTATION TEST: DNase: VP & NITRATE: |
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Susceptible to: Lyostaphin & Novobiocin Resistant to: Polymyxin |
S.aureus is susceptible to? Resistant to? |
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Lipase: SKIN INFECTION Hyaluronidase: "DURAN REYNAL" (Spreading factor) Beta Lactamase/Penicillinase: RESISTANCE TO PENICILIN Staphylokinase: DISOLUTION OF CLOT Coagulase: AGGLUTINATE IN PLASMA Beta hemolysin: BETA HEMOLYTIC PROPERTY OF S.aureus Protein A: PREVENTS PHAGOCYTOSIS |
Virulence factors of S.aureus and their functions? |
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Enterotoxin A & B: FOOD POISONING
Enterotoxin F/TSST: TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
Exfoliatin: SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME (Ritters Syndrome)
Panton Valentine Leukocidin:Community Aquired MRSA (treat with Beta lactams) |
Toxins of S.aureus? |
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Boils, furuncles, carbuncles, folliculitis, cellulitis, wound infections, impetigo (bullous) skin infections |
Non toxin mediated diseases caused by S.aureus |
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Coagulase test |
Test that differentiates aureus from other staphylococcus and aureus' definitive test is? |
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SLIDE TEST -to detect clump factor or bound coagulase -BUBBLING is (+) if (-) do TUBE TEST TUBE TEST -Detect free coagulase causes clot only when bacte is incubated -incubate @ 37 for 4hrs (+) = Fibrin Clot formation if Negative incubat @ RT for 20 hours |
How do you perform tube & slide coagulase test |
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It could ferment Mannitol & could tolerate high salt concentration |
In Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Yellow coloration means? |
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Original Color Prior to Inoculation: RED Indicator: RED Inhibitor: 7.5% NaCl |
Original color of MSA? Indicator? Inhibitor? |
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Medium of choice: Sheep Blood Agar (SBA) Selective agar: Phenyl Ether Agar (PEA) |
Medium of choice for Strep? Selective medium? |
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Alpha Hemolytic: S.pneumoniae, S.viridans (S.mutis & S.mutans) Beta Hemolytic: S.pyogenes, S.agalactiae Gamma Hemolytic: No hemolysis |
Classify Strep according to Smith and Brown Classification |
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DYE METHOD -Dna + Methyl Green: CLEAR Zone around colonies (+) -Dna+ Toluidine Blue: PINK zone around colonies (+) HCL precipitation Method -without dye innoculate -> imcubate -> add 0.1N HCL -> CLEARING OF AGAR AROUND COLONIES (+) |
2types of DNase test and their meaning? |
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Alpha Hemolytic- Partial Hemolysis Beta Hemolytic: Complete hemolysis Gamma Hemolytic: No hemolysid |
What are the hemolytic patterns on BAP and their hemolysis |
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Colony is surrounded by an INNER alpha and OUTER beta Usually happens due to Prolonged refrigeration |
What is Alpha prime phenomena? |
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S.epiderm S.saphro Novo- S (>16mm) R(<16mm) Biocin
Hemo GAMMA GAMMA lysis on BAP
MSA - -
Catalase - -
Coagulase - -
DNase - - |
Differentiate S.epidermidis & S.saprophyticus |
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When there is an INNER beta and OUTER alpha Due to C.perfringes |
Target hemolysis is? Due to? |
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Extraction of C-carbohydrate from cell wall |
Lancefield classification is based on? |
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GROUP A - S.pyogenes GROUP B - S.agalactiae GROUP C - S.equimis, S.equi,S.dysgalactiae, S.zoopidemicus GROUP D- Enterococci & Non-Entercocci NON-ENTEROCOCCI/S.bovis GR. - S.bovis & S.aquines ENTEROCOCCI -S.avium, S.durans, S.faecium, S.faeces |
Classify strep according to Lancefield classification |
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Novobiocin |
Test that differentiates S.epidermides from S.saphrophyticus? |
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S.saphrophyticus |
Most common cause if UTI in younger females? |
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S.epidermides |
Commonly infect the prosthatic valve? And has the ability of SLIME PRODUCTION? |
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SUSCEPTIBLE TO: 0.02-0.04 Bacitracin/ Optochin Disk test PYR (+) Catalase: NEGATIVE RESISTANT TO: SXT |
Susceptibility Test of Group A strep? |
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Weakly Catalse (+) Capsule (+) |
Stomatococcus mucillanginosus "ROTHIA" Characteristic? |
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S.intermedius: VP (-) PYR (+) S.lugdinensis:frequent cause of Bacteremia & endocarditis, B-hemolytic , PYR (+) S.aureus: VP (+) PYR (-) |
Organisms often mistaken for S.aureus and their difference |
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Streptolysin- Responsible for B-hemolytic factor of S.pyo Streptolysin O: Sub-Surface hemolysis, causes hemolysis when incubated anaerobically, Oxygen Labile, Antigenic Streptolysin S: Surface Hemolysis, causes hemolysis when incubated Aerobically, Oxygen Stable, Not antigenic Protein F- attachment for host cell Erythrogenic toxin- Cause rashes in SCARLET FEVER Hyaluronidase, Streptokinase: Spreading factor, Fibrinolytic activity respectively M.protein: Most significant virulence factor prevents phagocytosis |
Virulence factors of Group A strep? |
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Test: Modified Oxidase Test Positive: Blue Color Reagent: tetramethyl p- phenylenediamene dihydrochloride in DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) |
The test that identifies micrococcus is?positive color? Reagent? |
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STAPH MICRO Aerobic + + Growth
Anaerobic + - Growth
Lyostaphin S R Susceptibility
Modified - + Oxidase Test
Bacitracin R S Susceptibility Glucose Fermenter Oxidizer Utilization/ OF Medium
Furoxone R S Susceptibility |
Differentiate staph from micrococcus |
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Pharyngitis-Tonsilitis Erysipelas- A.k.a "ST.ANTHONY'S FIRE" Scarlet Fever- Form of Pharyngitis w/ rashes POST SEQUELAE: Acute glomerular nephritis, rheumatic fever |
Diseases caused by S.pyogenes? |
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Positive color: REDReagent: P-dimethylCINNAMAldehydePositive Organisms: Group A, Group D ( Enterococci) |
PYR Test Positive color: Reagent: Positive Organisms: |
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Dick's test- Susceptibility for Scarlet fever Schultz Charlton Test/ Blanche Phenomenon: Positive: fading of rashes |
Diagnostic tests for Scarlet fever |
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#1 Cause of NEONATAL MENINGITIS Adults: Postpartum Endometriosis |
Diseases caused by S.agalactiae? |
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CAMP Test Media: BAP Known Org: S.aureus Positive Result: Arrow Head B-Hemolysis Hippurate Test Positive result: Purple Color Reagent: Ninhydrin Reagent RESISTANT TO: Bacitracin |
Tests for PRESUMPTIVE IDENTIFICATION of S.agalactiae |
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Characterestics of Group D (Non Enterococci) |
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Characteristics of Group D Enterococci |
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E.faecalis |
Most common enterococcus isolated from human infection? |
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Enterococci |
The usual cause of UTI in Hospitalized patients? |
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BILE ESCULIN TEST? Reagent: Ferric ammonium Citrate Positive result: BLACKENING OF MEDIA |
Bile Esculin test reagent? positive result? |
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Entero Non-Entero PYR + - 6.5% + - NaCl Penicillin R S Bile + + esculin Test |
Differentiate enterococci from non enterococci |
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S.pneumoniae |
most common cause of Adult meningitis? |
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"BULLET SHAPED" "LANCET SHAPED" Diplococci |
How does S.pneumoniae look like on microscope? |
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YOUNG Colonies: DOME SHAPED (Raised/ Elevated) After 24hrs Incubation: Collapses AGED Colonies: Crater like colonieS "NAIL-HEAD" "CHECKERED APPEARANCE" |
Colony morphology of S.pneumoniae? |
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Bile SOLUBILITY test: Positive
SUSCEPTIBLE to: OPTOCHIN ( The only one sensitive to it) |
Tests for S.pneumonia (Alpha hemolytic) |
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#1 Cause of ADULT bacterial meningitis
Most common agent of: OTITIS MEDIA
Maj. cause of: LOBAR PNEUMONIA, Pericarditis |
Diseases caused by S.pneumonia |
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Optochin test |
Test that differentiates S.pneumococci from other Alpha hemolytic streptococci? |
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Ethyl HydoCUPREINEchloride |
Another name for optochin? |
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Francis Test |
Skin test for pneumonia? |
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Review of Streptococcus Group |
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S.viridans? |
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Pyridoxal, Thiol, Satelliting requiring streptococci These are viridans strep needing Vitamin B6 for growth When mixed with S.aureus theg satellite around colonies of S.aureus |
nutritionally variant strep Abiotrophia is what? |
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COTTON SWAB - toxic to neisseria |
In the collection of Neisseria species NEVER use ____ because it is toxic to Neisseria |
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TRUE |
Neisseria is PRONE TO DRYING thats why you must inoculate at BEDSIDE true or false? |
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Cytochrome oxidase test |
SCREENING test for Neisseria? |
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5-10% |
Carbon dioxide requirement for neisseria? |
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N.elongata |
All NEISSERIA are CATALASE (+) except? |
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N.elongata |
ALL neisseria are CYTOCHROME OXIDASE TEST (+) except? |
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Modified Cytochrome (+) BLUE PURPLE Color RGT w/DMSO w/DMSO Org Micrococci Neisseria
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Difference between Cytochrome and Modified oxidas test |
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Scented, Colored |
In candle jars what type of candles are inhibitory to neisseria? |
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N.gonorrhea Shape: KIDNEY, COFFEE BEAN SHAPE Virulence factor: PILI Ferments: GLUCOSE Rapid Test: SUPEROXOL TEST SUPEROXOL TEST Rgt: 30% H2O2 Positive result: Vigorous Bubbling |
Shape of N.gonorrhea, Virulence factor? Ferments what? Rapid test for this? Rgt? Positive result? |
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Gonorrhea( STD) Opthalmia Neonatorum- Corneal conjunctivitis acquired by newborns Fitz Hugh Syndrome- Perihepatitis |
Diseases caused by N.gonorrhea |
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NEVER. It is never a normal flora |
Is N.gonorrhea a normal flora? |
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Dacron Rayon Ca Alginate |
Used for spx. collection of neisseria? |
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☆THAYER MARTIN MEDIA (VCN) Vancomycin: Inhibit gram + Colistin: Inhibit gram - Nystatin: Inhibit fungi ☆MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN (VCN-T) Trimethoprim Lactate: Prevent growth & Swarming of Proteus ☆MARTIN LEWIS MEDIA (VCAT) Anisomycin- Replaced Nystatin to inhibit fungi ☆- These media are CAP + Antibiotics selective for Neisseria NEW YORK CITY MEDIA (VCAT) - Yeast extract -Amphotecerin B: Prevent fungi -ADV: could be used for other urogenital pathogens like M.hominis & U.urealyticum |
Media used for cultivating neisseria? Differentiate each? |
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N.meningitidis Shape: BEAN SHAPEDVirulence factor: CAPSULETest: NEUFELD-QUELLUNG TEST |
N.meningitidis Shape: Virulence factor: Test: |
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GLUCOSE & MALTOSE |
N.meningitidis ferments what? |
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Bacterial meningitis Meningococcemia- Septicemia WaterHouse Friedrichsen Syndrome: Severe form of meningococcemia causes Bleeding of Adrenal Medulla |
Dse. caused by N.meningitidis? |
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N.gonorrhea |
has five colony subtyped in sub culture? |
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do SUGAR UTILIZATION TEST/ CARBOHYDRATE TEST Positive color: YELLOW Negative color: PINK Agar: CTA (cystine trypticase agar) Indicator: PHENOL RED |
how to diagnose a neisseria specie? |
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Summary of fermentation test of neisseria |
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transgrow bottles- obsolete JEMBEC- (John E martin Biological Environment System) : Uses tablet to generate CO2 |
Transport media for neisseria? |
