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270 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which bacteria have mecA and how does it work?
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S. pneumo and MRSA, it encodes PBP-2a
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Which bacteria have efflux pumps?
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Pseudomonas and E. coli, enterics
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What is a 0.5 MacFarland standard and how many organisms does it contain?
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10^8 organisms, made of Barium Sulfate
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What agar is used for K-B testing?
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Mueller-Hinton, 150x40mm with a 6mm disk.
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What can cause FALSE RESISTANCE in K-B testing?
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High ions = false resistance
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How often should QC testing be conducted?
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20 days in a row, and then weekly.
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If QC fails, how often must it be repeated?
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5 times.
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If MacFarland standard is exposed to light, what will happen?
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It will get cloudier (too many organisms = false resistance)
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How must you test S. pneumo for Penicillin resistance?
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NOT with oxacillin disk; use E-test
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What defines "tolerance"?
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The tolerance ratio is MBC/MIC (represents how much organism can tolerate without dying vs. not grow). If it is >= 32, the organism is tolerant.
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What is Nitrocefin test?
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Chromogenic cephalosporin; it is red when broken down and yellow if not. RED=cephalosporin resistance
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How is an oxacillin screen specifically set up?
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4% NaCL, 6 mg/dL oxacillin on M-H agar
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What is replacing oxacillin as a Pen screen?
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cefoxitin
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What is the D-test?
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Clindamycin-induced erythromycin resistance; blunted "D" zone means induced resistance.
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What induces erythromycin resistance?
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MLS-B gene is an efflux mechanism
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What organisms are resistant to cepalosporins?
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Haemohpilus, Moraxella, Enteroccocus, Staph, anerobics
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What organism demonstrates gentamycin/ampicillin synergy, and how is it defined?
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If Enterococcus grows in gentamycin >500ug/dL then there is no synergy. [Enterococcus was gently amplified at the Indy 500]
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left: D-test positive (Clinda resistance induced)
right: D-test negative (Clinda resistance not induced) |
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What genes encode vancomycin resistance in VRE?
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vanA in faecium; vanB in faecalis [A in the face; B down below]
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What is special about ESBL resistance and who has it?
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Enteric GNR's, it is encoded by a mobile plasmid.
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How to test for ESBL resistance?
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Double disk test; CAZ and CAZ/CLV disks. Defined by >3x dilution or >5mm zone.
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What is the modified Hodge test?
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Tests for carbanpenemases; streak test GNR across lawns of E. coli with meropenem/ertapenem disk in the center. Curved areas of resistance = carbapenemase resistance.
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Which are positive?
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A,B,E (Hodge test for carbapenemase)
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Which cells and stain are used for Chlamydia?
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McCoy cells, with an Iodine stain.
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McCoy cells
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Chlamydia
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Elementary bodies
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Chlamydia
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What toxins does C. difficile have, and what strain is the bad one?
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Bad strain = NAP1 [Difficult time in the Napa valley]; toxins = A (entero), B (cyto)
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What is preferred for C. diff detection, EIA or PCR?
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PCR, because EIA has poor sensitivity.
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What type of swabs and storage are needed for N. gonorrhea?
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Charcoal swabs, not refrigerated.
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If polys are blue, what is wrong with the slide? If polys are washed out, what is wrong with the slides.
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Blue polys mean that the slide is under-decolorized.
Washed out polys means that the slide was over-decolorized. |
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Over-decolorization will result in what? Under-decolorizaton will result in what?
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Over-decolorization will make Gram positives look Gram negative. Under-decolorization will make Gram negatives look Gram positive.
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Quelling reaction
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Swelling with S. pneumo or H. influ
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What is a good sputum specimen?
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<25 SPE's and >10 PMN's per 10x field
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What organism has a thermostable DNase?
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S. aureus
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What are the toxins of S. aureus?
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PVL; exfoliatin; enterotoxin; TSST-1
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Is mannitol salt agar selective or differential?
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Both.
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Mannitol Salt Agar
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Yellow = positive = coag(+) S. aureus
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How to differentiate S. saprophyticus from S. epidermidis?
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S. saphrophyticus is Novobiocin resistant.
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How to differentiate Micrococcus? (4)
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1. Bacitracin susceptible.
2. Tetrad formation. 3. Microdase+ (micro-oxidase test) 4. Does not ferment glucose. |
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What organism forms large positive cocci in pairs and sticks to the agar?
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Rothia
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What are the Lancefield antigens?
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"C" carbohydrates in the cell wall
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What is the classic group A strep organism?
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S. pyogenes
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How can you confirm S. pyogenes?
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Bacitracin sensitive; PYR+ (R/O Enterococcus)
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What toxins does S. pyogenes have? What syndromes does it cause?
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streptolysins O+S, exotoxins; causes impetigo and erysipelas; TSS; RF; GN.
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What is the classic group B strep organism?
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S. agalactiae
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What defines S. agalactiae?
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Hippurate hydrolysis+; camp test.
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How does S. milleri/anginosus group grow on BAP?
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Pinpoint beta-hemolytic colonies.
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What does the camp test do?
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Streak of S. aureus intesifies production of GBS toxin (wedge-shaped area of hemolysis).
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What is the organism confirmed by a positive test?
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Group B strep (S. agalactiae)
[Camping out, looking at the galaxies] |
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What is the organism?
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Listeria (has rectangular area on camp test)
[Listeria looks like an "L"] |
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How to differentiate Enterococcus vs. Group D strep?
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PYR+
6.5% NaCl+ (yellow, cloudy) [Enter the pyre with some salt] |
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What feature do Enterococcus and Group D strep share?
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Gamma-hemolytic
Bile-esculin+ |
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How to differentiate A. faecium vs. A faecalis?
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Faecium is Arabinose+
Faecalis is Arabinose- [Face is hidden] |
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What is the organism?
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Enterococcus. Also is PYR+. Group D strep is bile esculin+ but NaCl and PYR-.
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What are the alpha hemolytic strep?
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S. pneumonia and viridans
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What defines S. pneumonia?
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Quelling+, optochin sensitive (>14 mm); bile soluble
You can opt to quell pneumonia with bile at age 14. |
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What is the bad anginosus group bacteria?
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Viridans intermedius
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Which GM+ cocci require B6/S. aureus streak to grow?
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Abiotropha & globicatella
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What is special about Leuconostoc?
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It is the only GM+ cocci that is resistant to vancomycin
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What biochemical test is shared by all GM neg cocci?
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They are all oxidase POSITIVE.
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How to differentiate Neisseria sp and Moraxella?
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G M L:
N. gonorrhea: glucose+ N. meningitidis: glucose+maltose+ N. lactamica: glucose+maltose+lactose+ M. catarrhalis: all negative; DNAse+ |
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What is the endemic strain of N. meningitidis?
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type C strain
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What organism has a hockey puck colony?
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M. catarrhalis
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How is the diptheria toxin mediated?
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By phage
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What is the Elek test?
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immunoprecipitation test for diptheria toxin
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Is cysteine tellurite / modified Tinsdale selective or differential? What is it used for?
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Corynebacteria is black colonies with brown halos; selective and differential.
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What is the organism?
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Corynebacteria
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What is the organism? What is the medium of growth?
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Corynebacteria diptheria, on Loeffler's media (methylene blue metachromatic granules)
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What is Coryne JKM?
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Normal skin flora that can infect catheters and requires vancomycin.
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What does coryne urealyticum?
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It is urease+
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Where are the spores located for B. antrax?
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subterminal/central
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What is the likely organism?
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B. anthrax (medusa head colonies)
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What are characteristics of B. cereus?
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Motile and Beta hemolytic
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B. anthrax: catalase status?
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catalase positive
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What temperature is Listeria the most motile?
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25c
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What organism has "tumbling motility"?
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Listeria
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Listeria: catalase status?
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Catalase positive
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Name two tests for Nocardia
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MAFB+, lysozyme resistant
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Name two sp of Nocardia and who gets infected with them?
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N. asteroides [immunocompromised]
N. brasiliensis [immunocompetent] |
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Name a bacteria that can cause an erysipelas-like condition? Where is it found?
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Warm climates, salt water. |
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Morphology, growth, catalase, oxidase, KIA? Special susceptibility?
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GM+ Rods, Anerobic
Catalase and Oxidase negative K/K/H2S on KIA Susceptible to Vancomycin |
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What clinical problem does Archanobacterium hemolyticum cause?
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Pharyngitis
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What organisms does A. hemolyticum mimick?
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S. pyogenes (Beta hemolytic and catalase+)
Corynebacterium (Chinese characters; GPR) |
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Is MacConkey a selective or differential media?
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Both: crystal violet/bile salts inhibit organisms; lactose fermenters turn it pink.
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Is Hektoen enter agar selective or differential?
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Both: bile salts/acid fuschin/bromethyl blue/ferric inhibits organisms and blue-green are non-fermenters.
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What is the stepwise examination of enteric bacteria?
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Oxidase; If lactose-, use TSI/KIA
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Difference between TSI and KIA
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TSI has sucrose, KIA does not.
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What can be differentiated with TSI and KIA?
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Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, and Serratia: They are K/A on KIA and stay K/A on TSI (they cannot utilize sucrose)
V. cholera and Y. enterocolitica are lactose-, sucrose+ so they will go from K/A to A/A. |
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What should be suspected if the slant is K/K?
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Pseudomonas
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What is the definition of Enterobacteiraceae
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Glucose+, Oxidase-, Nitrate Reduction+
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Name some lactose+ Entero
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E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
[The cow EEK'd out some milk] |
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Name some lactose- Entero
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Proteus, Serratia, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia
[Super Special SPYs do not drink milk] |
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GNR's that are glucose+oxidase+
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Vibrio, Pleisomonas, Campylobacter
[GO with Vice Presdent Cheney] |
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GNR's that are glucose-oxidase-
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Acinetobacter, Stentrophomonas, Burkholderia, (Alkaligenes, Flavobacterium, Chryseobacterium)
[If you can't GO, you need to work on your ABS] |
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What is the organism?
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E. coli (green metallic sheen on EMB)
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Is EMB a selective or differential agar?
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Both: Inhibits gram positives; those that ferment lactose have a dark center; nonfermenters will be colorless; E. coli has green sheen (as does some Citrobacter and Enterobacter).
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What agar can be used to rapidly detect O157:H7?
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MAC+Sorbitol agar, O157:H7 is sorbitol- so will appear colorless (others will appear red).
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What does latex agglutination for O157:H7 target?
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Shiga toxin
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MUG test result?
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MUG = Beta glucuronidase activity; O157:H7 is MUG negative (right side)
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What differentiates P. vulgaris from P. mirabilis?
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Vulgaris is Indole positive+
Mirabilis is indole negative- [Gabby hasn't been to India] |
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What factor does EPEC use?
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EAF factor for clumping
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What toxins does ETEC have?
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LT and ST toxins (heat labile and heat stable)
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E. coli indole status
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Positive
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Serratia indole status
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Negative
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What organism should be suspected if polys are in the stool?
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Salmonella
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What is the classification system for Salmonella?
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Kaufman-White scheme; O H and Vi antigens; O determines subgroup.
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Which requires a larger innoculum, Salmonella or Shigella?
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Salmonella
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Which produces gas, Salmonella or Shigella?
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Salmonella [gassy fish]
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Which organism has moustache H2S?
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S. typhi
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What antigen does S. typhi have? What is special about it?
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Vi D antigen; must boil 15 minutes to reveal
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What Salmonella can cause sepsis without GI symptoms?
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S. cholerasuis
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What is the organism?
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Salmonella typhi (moustache sign)
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Is Shigella motile? What cells does it invade? What is its enterotoxin?
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NOT motile; invades M cells; uses shET2 enterotoxin.
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This is characteristic of which organism?
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B. antrax
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This is characteristic of which organism?
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Listeria
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Which serotype of Shigella is most common in the U.S.?
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type D: S. sonnei, in preschoolers and nursing homes.
[Dumb kids in bonnets write sonnets] |
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What determines the Shigella serotypes?
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O antigen (LPS)
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Which Shigella serotype is the most common worldwide?
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type A, S. dysenteriae; HUS
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Which shigella serotype causes HUS?
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type A, S. dysenteriae.
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What is the action of Shiga toxin?
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It inhibits the enterocyte 60S ribosome
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Which Shigella serotype affects U.S. homosexuals, resulting in bloody diarrhea?
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Type B, flexneri, toxin = shET1
[When you flex, it can "B" bloody] |
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What is type C Shigella?
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S. boydii
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Which organisms grow preferentially at low temperatures?
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Y. entercolitica and Listera (4c)
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Is CIN agar differential or selective?
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Selective for Yersinia
Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin Agar |
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This morphology is most c/w which organism?
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Yersinia pestis
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Is TCBS agar selective or differential?
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Both: selective for Vibrio;
bile salts inhibit Gm positives Thiosulfate detects sulfure production Sucrose and thymol blue (indicator) |
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What are the organisms?
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Left: Parahemolyticus (sucrose negative, vulnificus)
Right: cholera (sucrose positive) |
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What toxin does V. cholera do?
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Increases AC and cAMP
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Which serotype of V. cholera is the worst?
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serotype O1 (also O139)
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How do you get V. vulnificus and what happens?
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Eating shellfish or wounds; high mortality; septicemia with liver damage; high fatality rate.
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Aeromonas
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Anaerobic GNR; freshwater; wounds and GI symptoms
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Plesiomonas
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GNR in freshwater causing GI symptoms; uncooked shellfish
R/O Shigella because Plesiomonas is oxidase+ |
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What is the distinguishing morphology of Acinetobacter?
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GIANT diplococci (coccobacillus)
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How to differentiate Acinetobacter species?
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baumanii: glucose+
wolfii: glucose- |
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How to differentiate Stenotrohpomonas maltophilia from other GNR?
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Glucose-oxidase-maltose+
Resistant to imipenem |
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Pseudomonas: odor, oxidase, catalase, hemolysis?
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grape, oxidase+, catalase+, beta hemolysis
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Which organism fluoresces and why?
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P. aeruginosa, produces pyocyanin
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How to differentiate P. aeruginosa from P. putida?
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P. auerginosa will grow at 42c, putida will not.
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Which GNR smells sweet and fruity and causes nosocomial infections?
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Alcaligenes
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What is relevant about Chryseobacterium / Flavobacterium?
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They can cause fatal septicemia in neonates
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How to differentiate Haemophilus species?
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influenza/hemolyticus: needs V+X
parainfluenza/parahemolyticus: needs V ducreyi/aprophilus: needs X |
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What organism forms satellites on culture?
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Haemophilus
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What organism looks like a "school of fish" on gram stain?
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H. ducryei (chancroid)
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What organism affects native valves?
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HACEK [children; 5%], Strep, S. areueus, Enterococci
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What organism affects artificial valves?
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Staph, GNR, Candida [early]
HACEK, Strep, S. aureus, Enterococci [late] |
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Name the HACEK organisms and how to differentiate them?
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Actinobaccilus: oxid-cat- [acting out gets you nothing]
Aprophilus: oxid-cat+ [the cat rules the acropolis] Cardiobacterium: oxid+ [the heart needs o2] Eikenella: oxid+, pits BAP [Eikey was the pits] Kingella: oxid+, hemolyzes [you must shed blood to be King] |
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What are the methods to detect Bordetella?
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Culture if symptoms < 2 weeks; serology if symptoms > 2 weeks; direct detection by fluorescent stain.
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How to culture Bordetella?
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Charcoal media [Regan-Lowe]
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Is Regan-Lowe selective or differential?
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Selective for Bordetella
Replaced Bordet-Gengou agar |
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What are the stages of Bordetella
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1. prodromal (contagious)
2. catarrhal 3. paroxysmal |
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is BCYE selective or differential?
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Selective for Legionella
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What organism do you suspect?
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If this is BCYE plate, suspect Legionella
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What is growing on Regan-Lowe agar?
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Bordetella
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How is Pasteurella cultured and identified?
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on BAP (not MacConkey) and ID with biochemical panel
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What test is this?
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Ureas (Brucella is positive = pink)
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What small gram negative coccobacillus is oxidase+ urease+ and can take 14-21 days to culture?
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Brucella
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How does Legionella look on gram stain?
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It doesn't -- needs silver stain.
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Which Legionella is detected by urinary Ag?
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Pneumophilia
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Which ingredient to Franciscella require to be grown in culture?
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Cysteine
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How do you culture Campylobactor?
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Campy-BAP agar: BAP with cephalosporins
Skirrow's blood medium 42 c |
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Which organisms needs sterols in transport medium?
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Mycoplasma and ureaplasma
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What syndromes are caused by Mycoplasma / ureaplasma?
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M. hominis: vagina -> neonate/PROM
M. pneumonia U. urealyticum: abortion, GU infections |
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What is the characteristic of M. hominis?
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fried egg colony
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What is the characteristic of U. urealyticum?
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urea hydrolysis on broth
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What organism causes trench fever?
|
B. quitana
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How to differentiate the Campylobactor sp.?
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jejuni: hippurate+
coli: indoxyl acetate+ lari: all negative |
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What are the important serovars of Chlamydia?
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TWAR: pneumonia
L1-L3: LGV A-C: trachoma D-K: neonatal |
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Where does Ehrlichia hang out?
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chaffeensis in M0
many other sp. in granulocytes |
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How does B. burgdorferi spread?
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Lyme dz -- spready by Ixodes tick
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How does B. recurrentis spread?
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Relapsing fever -- human body louse
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Name the genus
|
Ehrlichia
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Spread of Leptospira
|
Water (rats)
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Name some anaerobic GNR
|
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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How to differentiate Bacteroides fragilis from non fragilis group?
|
fragilis group grows on bile
non-fragilis is sensitive to bile [FRAGILE IS STRONG IN BILE] |
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What organism demonstrates a double zone of hemolysis?
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C. perfringes
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Which Clostridium rarely sporulates?
|
perfringes
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Which organism looks like a tennis racket?
|
tetani (terminal spores)
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Which Clostridium is involved in cancer sepsis?
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C. septicum
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Which antigen is used to detect C. difficule?
|
Glutamate dehydrogenase
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Which anaerobe is this?
|
C. perfringens
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Which organisms demonstrate this?
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Listeria and Clostridium perfringens
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Which organism is positive? (Reverse camp)
|
Reverse CAMP test: Clostridium perfringens
streaked against GBS |
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Which organism has molar tooth colony?
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Actinomyces
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What organism is MAFB positive?
|
Nocardia
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What defines a positive urine culture?
|
>10^5 CFU/mL if asymptomatic
>10^2 CFU/mL if symptomatic |
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What are the syphilis subspecies and syndromes?
|
T. subs endemicum: bejel (endemic non-venereal syph)
T. subs pertenue: yaws (skin and bones) T. carateum: pinta (cutaneous) |
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Which GNR's are glucose-oxidase+
|
Opposites of enterics! FAP = Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas
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What diagnosis UTI with aSx?
|
Females = 10^5 twice; Males = 10^5 once
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What is the hallmark finding in acute interstitial nephritis?
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Eosinophilia
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What are the most sensitivity and specific tests for UTI on a dipstick urine?
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sensitive = LE; nitrate reduction = specific
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Most common organisms in community UTI?
|
E. coli and S. saprophyticus (15%)
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Most common organisms in hospital UTI?
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Corynebacteria, Candida
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Culture negative UTI organisms:
|
Ureaplasma/mycoplasma, Chlamydia
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What virus can cause hemorrhagic gastritis?
|
Adenovirus type 11
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Are PMN's found in viral gastroenteritis?
|
No.
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Bloody diarrhea without PMN's
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O157:H7
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Foreign travel diarrhea (West vs. East)
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ETEC/EIEC vs. Campyl, Shigella, Salmonella
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Which organisms can cause reactive arthropathy and what predisposes to this?
|
Yersinia and C. jejuni type in HLA-B27 individuals
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What causes GB syndrome?
|
C. jejuni type O19
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What is the most common cause of viral GE in adults?
|
Norwalk
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What are the common causes of peds viral GE?
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Rota (<1 yr); Adeno, Corona, and Astro (<4 yrs)
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What is stool lactoferrin a proxy for?
|
PMN's
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What is the problem with S. pneumo isolated in respiratory cultures?
|
High FP rate (colonization)
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COPD people get what sort of PNA?
|
Haemophilus and Moraxella
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Someone with URTI and hyponatremia might have this organism
|
Legionella
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Which CAP is serological testing good/not good for?
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C. pneumonia (IgM >1:16 or IgG x 4). Mycoplasma is NOT good because it is a delayed response.
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Hanta virus reservoir
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Deer mouse (Peromysus maniculalus)
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Hantavirus syndrome
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thrombocytopenia, erythrocytosis, lymphoblastic lymphocytes
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What type of virus is SARS?
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Coronavirus
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Normal valve bugs
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S. aureus and milleri
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Damaged valve bugs (SBE)
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viridans, GBS, GDS, Enter, HACEK
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Porcine valve bugs
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S. epidermidis, S. aureus
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Which side of the heart is affected by IV drug use (endocarditis)
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Right sided
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Blood culture negative endocarditis
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Coxiella, Bartonella, Chlamydia, Legionella
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Name some viridans bugs
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S. mitis, mutans, sanguis
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Which HSV causes encephalo vs. meningitis?
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HSV1 = encephalitis (necrosis and bloody)
HSV2 = meningitis |
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Most common viral encephalitis?
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St. Louis/Lacross Arbovirus
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When does enterovirus-associated meningitis occur?
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Summer and Fall
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When does LCMV meningitis occur?
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Winter-Spring (exposed to mice feces, or fetuses)
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What type of H. flu causes meningitis?
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type B (typeable = has capsule)
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What types of N. meningitis cause meningitis?
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types B, C, and Y
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What bugs cause septic arthritis?
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S. aureus, coag negative staph, mixed infections
Dx if PMN > 65% |
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agglutination of guinea pig RBC is found in what viruses?
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influenza and parainfluenza 2/2 HA
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Which trimester is worst for infection with varicella?
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Third trimester
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What type of EBV is most common in U.S.?
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Type 1
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What receptor does EBV utilize for infection?
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CD21 (C3d receptor)
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What is the heterophile antibody?
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IgM against horse/sheep RBC which develops 1-6 months after infection
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What is the Monospot test?
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Absoprtion test against beef RBC's which is non-reactive against guinea pig kidney Ag
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Which organisms require cysteine?
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Legionella and Franciscella
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Which uses a cold method, Kinyon or Ziehl-Nielson?
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Kinyoun = cold, 3% HCl or 1% H2SO4
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MacConkey red vs. pink colonies
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Strength of lactose fermentation
Strong = red = EEK Weak = pink = Citro/Serratia |
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EMB agar = selective or differential?
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Both; aniline dye inhibits GM+
Green/black/purple = lactose fermentation |
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How do the S/S selective agars look (enterics vs. SS)
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SS: enteros red; SS colorless +/- black
HE: enteros orange; SS green +/- black XLD: enteros yellow; SS red +/- black |
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Furazolidone test
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Staph (susceptible) vs. Micrococcus (resistant)
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Which Strep are PYR+?
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GAS and GDS
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Which enterics are VP+?
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Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter
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What are the two urea broths?
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Stuarts = only Proteus reacts
Christensen's = Klebsiella reacts on the slant |
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What is the String test?
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V. cholera (not El Tor) creates a string in 0.5% sodium deoxycholate
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Which organism satellites around S. aureus? Why?
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Haemophilus, because production of V and hemolysis of blood (X)
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Which gram positive organism produces H2S?
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Erysipelothrix
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Hippurate test: What if GM+ or GM-?
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GM+: GBS
GM-: Campylobacter Purple = positive |
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Which produce H2S?
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Salmonella, Edwardsella, Citrobactor, Proteus
(It is very Protean that Edwards drinks OJ with Fish) |
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Which bugs can produce gas?
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Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
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Which bug is related to peripheral monocytosis?
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Listeria
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Which bugs have brick red fluorescence?
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Prevotella/Porphyrmonas (anerobic GNRs)
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Which bugs are methylene red positive?
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Anything that is VP negative. (Shigella only + test)
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Which organisms are positive?
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Shigella, and many others (any VP negative)
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Name some non-motile enterics?
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Shigella and Klebsiella
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What is phenylalanine deaminase test a proxy for?
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Urease organisms
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What differentiated Salmonella vs. Citrobacter?
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Citro is OPNG+
Salmonella is OPNG- (no OPENING the FISH is allowed) |
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What bug might be seen in a patient with Iron overload?
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Edwardsiella
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How to differentiate Edwardsiella vs. Salmonella?
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Edwardsiella is indole+
Salmonella is indole- |
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What tests are different about V. cholera El Tor?
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String test negative
Weak B hemolytic activity Can aggregate chicken RBC |
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What is associated with malodorous sweat?
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Brucella
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Brucella cutoff titer?
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1:160 and above are positive
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What causes rat bite fever?
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Streptobacillus (forms cotton ball colonies in broth)
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Associated with granuloma inguinale?
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Donovan bodies (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis)
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if Borrelia is found in blood, which species is it?
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B. recurrentes (Lyme dz is not seen in thick smears)
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What is the organism
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B. recurrentis
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Which spirochete dz has an icteric and non-icteric type?
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Leptospira (icteric is 15% fatal); renal/liver/thrombocytopenia; icteric leads to pancreatitis
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Which spirochete is bad for glucose 6 P people?
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RMSF
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Host and species of RMSF
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Rickettsia rickettia / Dermacantor variabilis
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What cells does Ehrlichiosis infect?
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Monocytes or granulocytes (mulberries)
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liver failure/thrombocytopenia
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Ehrlicheria mulberries
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Q fever agent/syndrom
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Coxiella = spirochete with no arthropod bite
Inhaled agent (bioterrorism) Fibrin ring granulomas, endocarditis, foamy M0, liver+BM |
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Carrion dz
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Oroyo fever+Verruga syndrome (spiking fevers, hemolysis, cutaneous manifestations)
B. bacilliformis, spread by sandfly Lulzomyia |
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Which bugs have a darting motility?
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Campylo and Vibrio
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Which bug is associated with cleaved lymphocytes?
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Pertussis
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How to culure HACEK?
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3 days on chocolate with CO2
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Name some coag positive Staph
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intermedius, delphia, hyicus
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