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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which is more severe, has faster onset, and higher mortality rate (bacterial or viral meningitis)? What are some signs and symptoms?
What are some ways to identify bacterials meningitis? |
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What is the chemotactic response, host stress response, and blood barrier breakdown component associated with bacterial meningitis? |
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What are the most common causes of meningitis in each age group:
Birth to 3 months 3 months to 2 years 2 years to 18 years Immunocompromised host |
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What are gram positive cocci that occur in pairs or in long chains? How is this different from staphylococci? |
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Identify which streptococci:
1. Pneumococcus, normal inhabitants of upper respiratory tract but most common cause of bacterial meningitis in US. 2. Many species including S. mutans, a dental pathogen. 3. Also known as the "group A streptococcus." Normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract but is the causative agent of numerous local and systemic diseases and post-disease sequelae. 4. Also known as the "group B streptococcus." |
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What is the Lancefield classification? What is used to type S. pneumoniae? What is used to type Streptococci that do not have specific hemolysis patterns of the antigenic molecules? |
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What are four illnesses that streptococcus pneumoniae can cause? Which has the highest fatality rate? What is it the leading cause of in children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised? |
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How does SP cause inflammation in the middle ear? How does it affect surfactant?
How does it get access into the blood stream? Can it cross BBB? |
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Identify the virulence factor:
STREP PNEUMONIAE |
1. Capsule 2. Pili 3. Cell wall components |
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Identify the virulence factors:
STREP PNEUMONIAE |
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What are the two vaccines for streptococcus pneumoniae?
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What are gram-negative, non-motile bacteria that occur in pairs? |
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What are the two important human pathogens of the genus neisseria?
Which causes gonorrhea, has a high prevalence and low mortality, and the only reservoir is humans and only found during disease?
Which is the cause of meningococcal meningitis and sepsis, has a low prevalence and high mortality, and carriage rates are from 5-30% in persons without disease? |
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What is the structural difference between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae?
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What disease? |
Fulminant meningococcemia Neisseria meningitidis |
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What are some early symptoms of meningitides? |
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What is the major toxin of N. meningitides? What is the mechanism?
What is another important determinant of virulence?
What (be very specific) is the ONLY known reservoir of N. meningitides?
How does spread occur? |
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What is the drug of choice to treat meningococcemia?
Are vaccines effective in young children?
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For the symptoms below, which occur in meningitis, in septicemia, and together?
1. Fever, cold hands and feet 2. Vomiting 3. Drowsy, difficult to wake 4. Confusion and irritability 5. Severe muscle pain 6. Stomach cramps and diarrhea 7. Spots/rash 8. Severe headache 9. Stiff neck 10. Dislike bright lights |
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What are the two vaccines for Neisseria meningitides? Which one covers serogroup B? |
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What is the difference between phase variation and antigenic variation? |
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Review this? |
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What is a major agent of otitis media, respiratory disease, and meningitis in young children? |
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What are H. influenzae isolates classified according to?
What is the main virulence factor?
What is the current vaccine? |
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Before 1989, what was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age? |
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Why is there an early spike in titer and low incidence? |
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What was the decline of Hib meningitis associated with? |
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Listeria monocytogenes: Gram + or - What does it cause? What type of immunity is required to combat it? What populations should you be worried about? |
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What species harbor Listeria monocytogenes? Where is the reservoir in humans?
What is important about the temperature at which it grows (in terms of food contamination)? |
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To what cells can Listeria attach and invade?
How does it avoid exposure to humoral immune system? |
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Describe the 5 steps of Listeria invasion and replication |
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