Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is an Archaea? |
Bacteria like organisms |
|
|
State 5 similiar characteristics of bacteria and archaea. |
1) don't have nuclear membrane 2) have few internal membrane organelles 3) have 1 chromosome only with circular DNA 4) They are mainly single (uni) celled organisms 5) They are usually 1-10micrometres in size |
|
|
State 5 differences between bacteria and archaeans |
1) have different ribosomal RNA mechanisms 2) B have fewer proteins associated with DNA. A associates proteins like Eu (histone-like proteins 3) B cell wall contains peptidoglycan (A don't) 4) Some B have chlorophyll e.g. for photosynthesis. (A do not) 5) B tolerates extreme habitats (A very extreme) |
|
|
Name the 6 types of bactera/ archaeas. |
a) Halophiles b) Thermophiles c) Acidophiles d) Psychrophiles e) Methanogens f) Methanotrophs |
|
|
What term is given to bacteria/archaeans which can tolerate high salt levels? |
Halophiles |
|
|
Up to what % can halophiles tolerate. |
15-20% |
|
|
Give an examples of a halophiles |
Halobacterium (purple bacteria and Archaeans) |
|
|
What term is given to the bacteria/ aracheans which can tolerate high temperatures? |
Thermophiles |
|
|
Give examples of thermophiles (bacteria and archaeans) and where do they habitat? |
Some B e.g. Thermus inhabits hot water springs Some A e.g. Pyrobolus line in deep sea vents |
|
|
What term is given to bacteria/archaeans which can tolerate acid? |
Acidophiles |
|
|
Give examples of acidophile's habitat |
- A can thrive in hot springs (acidic pH2) - acidic coal mine wastes (self heating 32-80oC) |
|
|
Give an example of an acidophile which has no cell wall |
Thermoplasma |
|
|
Give a term for bacteria/archaeans which can tolerate cold conditions. |
Psychrophiles |
|
|
Give an example of an psychrophile |
Psychrobacter |
|
|
Give the term for bacteria/archaeanas which form methane gas. |
Methanogens |
|
|
How do methanogens function? How do some A gain energy? |
- Methanogens carry out anaerobic respiration. - Some A gain energy (ATP) by converting H & C from Co2 and CH4. |
|
|
Give an example of an methanogens |
Methanococcus |
|
|
Give the term for bacteria/archaeans which use methane gas. |
Methanotrophs |
|
|
What sort of respiration do methanotrophs carry out? How do they gain energy, by converting what? |
- carry out aerobic respiration. - Use H from CH4 + O2 --> to produce CO2 + Energy (ATP) |
|
|
Give an example of methanotrophs |
Thermotogales |
|
|
Describe the three forms of bacterial diversity (bacteria which can be found in nature) |
- Unicellular (occur as plates, blocks, chains & clusters) - Colonies (collection of cells) - Filamentous (linear cell array) |
|
|
State the 4 shapes (morphology) of bacteria which can be found in nature. |
- Spherical (coccus) - Cylindrical Rods (bacillus) - Comma - Helical (spirilli) |
|
|
Give an example of a (spherical) coccus bacteria |
e.g. micrococcus |
|
|
Give an example of a bacillus bacteria |
e.g. Clostridium |
|
|
Give an example of a comma bacteria |
e.g. Vibrio |
|
|
Give an example of a spirilli bacteria |
e.g. Rhodospirillum |
|
|
What is the flagella used for in a bacteria? |
- used for motility (movement) |
|
|
Give an example of a bacteria which has a flagella |
- soil pseudomonas |
|
|
What is axial filament? |
- its a modified flagella which allows the bacteria to carry out corkscrew movement. |
|
|
Name a bacteria which has an axial filament. |
e.g. spirochete |
|
|
What are the features of fimbrae? |
- short - rigid - numerous hair-like structures. |
|
|
What are fimbrae used for? |
- Used for attachement, feeding, receptors for some bacteriophages. |
|
|
What are the features of a pili? |
- longer on a cell wall but less numerous |
|
|
What is the use of pili? |
- Adherence (attachment to other cells) - Cell mating |
|
|
Name a bacteria which uses pili |
e.g. E coli |
|
|
What bacteria uses gliding and rolling in water? |
|
|
|
What other way does cyanobacteria move in water? |
by producing gas vesicles. |
|
|
What term is given to the slimy carbohydrate that surrounds the cell wall? |
Capsule/slime sheath/ mucilaginous sheath |
|
|
Name a bacteria which has slimy capsule? |
e.g. Nostoc |
|
|
What bacteria causes MRSA? |
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus |
|
|
What bacteria causes pneumonia? |
Pneumococcus |
|
|
What bacteria causes typhoid fever and food poisoning? |
Salmonella |
|
|
What bacteria causes syphilis |
Treponema |
|
|
What bacteria causes tetanus? |
clostridium |
|
|
What bacteria causes the plague? |
Yersinia |
|
|
What bacterium causes food poisoning? |
- salmonella - clostridium - Vibrio |
|
|
What bacteria causes Tuberculosis? |
Mycobacterium |
|
|
What do bacteria decompose? |
Dead organic matter |
|
|
Give an example of bacteria which decomposes DOM. |
e.g. pseudomonas |
|
|
In which 4 cycles (which convert elements in different chemical forms) are bacteria mediated? |
- N cycle - C cycle - S cycle - P cycle |
|
|
State the habitat of symbiotic pseudomonas and cyanobacteria. |
Pseudomonas --> rood nodules (fix N) Cyanobacteria --> free living in water (photosyn) |
|
|
Why is bacteria important in agricultural soils? |
- they carry out nutrient mobilisation |
|
|
Give examples of bacteria which carry out nutrient mobilisation. |
- pseudomonas - nitrobacter |
|
|
Which organisms see bacteria as a food source? |
Protozoans - filter feeding invertebrates (aquatic insect larvae) |
|
|
Commercially, which industries use bacteria for product manafacture? |
- dairy foods - yoghurt - cheese - vinegar - cattle food - pesticides (mosquito larvae) |
