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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Determinism
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Behavior is lawful. The universe is a lawful and orderly place.
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Determinism
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All phenomena occur as a result of other events.
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Determinism
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Behavior is a function of genetics and the environment.
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Empiricism
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Behavior can be studied scientifically.
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Empiricism
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Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior, with regard to behavioral dimensions.
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Empiricism
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Induction is used to derive scientific facts.
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Scientific Manipulation
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Events that are thought to affect the phenomena of interest are carefully and systematically manipulated to elucidate their effects.
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Parsimony
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All simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or extract explanations are considered.
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Parsimony
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AKA Ocham’s Razor
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Philosophic Doubt
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Skepticism: Conclusions derived from scientific manipulations are tentative. They may be modified or discarded when new facts or discoveries come to life.
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Behaviorism
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The philosophy underlying behavior analysis
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Behaviorism
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Rejects casual variables such as the “mind, will, and self” and other hypothetical constructs as explanatory fictions
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Behaviorism
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Determined by past and current environmental events in concert with genetics and organic variables.
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Skinner’s Radical Behaviorism
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Includes verbal behavior, private events, and a utopian view: save the world!
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Explanatory fictions
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A comprehensive analysis of human behavior based upon contingencies of reinforcement in a person’s life (ontogenic variables) as well as what Natural Selection has chosen for the species (phylogenic variables)
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Explanatory fictions
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Provides little room for explanations of behavior based on nominal hypothetical constructs such as the “will”, the “self”, and other explanatory fictions
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Explanatory fictions
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Summary labels of behavior such as traits, states, attitudes, and diagnostic categories, are used to explain behavior.
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Explanatory fictions
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Description becomes an explanation. But the supposed cause cannot be observed independently of the behavior it is supposed to explain.
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Explanatory fictions
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Teleological explanations: future events, mistakenly, are used to explain behavior (in order to, trying to get, he will)
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Experimental analysis of behavior
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Provides the scientific method for studying behavior. It uses cumulative records, manipulation of variables & automated recording
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Four methodologies of EAB
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Direct, repeated measurement of behavior
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Four methodologies of EAB
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Rate of response as the basic datum, instead of number of errors of percent (# of responses/unit of time)
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Four methodologies of EAB
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Visual inference instead of statistical inference (graphing)
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Four methodologies of EAB
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Within subject comparisons instead of group (statistical) designs. Each individual subject acts as their own control
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Applied Behavior Analysis
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The design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental modifications to produce socially significant improvements in human behavior
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ABA
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Includes the use of direct observation, measurement, and functional analysis of the relations between environment and behavior
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ABA
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Based on the findings of descriptive and functional analysis, ABA uses antecedents & consequences to produce practical change
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7 dimensions of ABA
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The characteristic that makes our approach to assessment, intervention, and evaluation unique
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Applied
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ABA focuses on the implementation of basic principles to change behaviors of social significance to clients (of immediate importance to clients)
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Behavioral
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ABA focuses on behavior in its own right as a target for change. Bx is directly observed and measured in the real-life environment
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Analytical
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ABA seeks to identify functional relations between manipulated environmental events and behavior through systematic and controlled manipulations
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Technological
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In ABA procedures are completely identified and precisely described and defined.
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Conceptually Systematic
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In ABA procedures are linked to and described in terms of the basic principles of behavior
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Effective
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ABA is an accountable discipline and changes in procedure are data-based. We revise our treatment protocols based on our data. If the plan is not effective, we revise it until we get the desired effect
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Generality
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ABA discovers procedures that can be applied effectively to many persons and in many settings
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