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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is respiration? |
The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose |
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How do plants make their glucose |
Through photosynthesis |
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How do animals produce glucose? |
By breaking down the biomass they get from eating other organisms |
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What substance is made by respiration and what does it do? |
ATP is made and ATP stores the energy (glucose) which is then zed for essential processes such as -making molecules -active transport -contracting muscles |
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What affects the overall rate of respiration? |
Temperature PH level |
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Is respiration endothermic or exothermic? |
Exothermic- it transfers energy to the environment |
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What are the two types of respiration? |
Aerobic and anaerobic |
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What is aerobic respiration? |
Aerobic respiration is when there is oxygen available,it breaks down glucose and reacts with the oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water |
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What is the equation for aerobic respiration? |
Glucose+oxygen>carbon dioxide +water C6H1206 +602 >6C02 +6H20 |
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In eukaryotic cells (plant+animal) where does aerobic respiration take place? |
In the mitochondria |
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In prokaryotic cells (eg bacteria) where does aerobic respiration take place? |
In the cytoplasm |
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What is anaerobic respiration? |
Respiration without oxygen however it is not the best way to transfer energy from glucose because it transfers less energy per glucose molecule |
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When does the human body use anaerobic respiration? |
During vigorous exercise your body can't supply enough oxygen to your muscle cells |
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When do plants use anaerobic respiration? |
When the soil a plant is using becomes waterlogged because they'll be no oxygen available for the roots so the roots cells will have to respite anaerobically |
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When does a bacteria cell respire? |
Bacteria can get under your skin through puncture wounds, there's very little oxygen under your skin so only bacteria that respire anaerobically can survive there |
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What product is produced in anaerobic respiration? |
Lactic acid is produced because glucose is only partially broken down |
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Some plants and microorganisms produce another substance instead of lactic acid,what is the substance? |
Ethanol and carbon dioxide |
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What is mitosis? |
Mitosis is the cycle that is used to grow or replace cells that have been damaged |
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What are the two phases in mitosis |
Interphase and mitosis |
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What happens during the interphase |
DNA is spread in long strings before it divides The cell grows and increases the amount if subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes |
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What does the cerebellum do in the brain? |
It'd involved in balance and coordination of movement |
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What does the cerebrum do in the brain? |
Responsible for intelligence,logical thought and many emotions |
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What does the medulla oblongata do in the brain? |
Controls reflexes such as breathing |
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What does the membrane in the brain do? |
Contains fluid to cushion the skull |
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What does the Hypothalamus do in the brain? |
Controls instincts such as Hunger Thirst Temperature control |
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What does the pituitary gland do in the brain? |
Produces hormones which control body systems |
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What does the skull do? |
Protects the brain |
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What is a hormone? |
Chemical messengers sent in the blood and produced in various glands |
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What is Adrenaline? |
A hormone which prepares you for flight or fight mode |
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Where is adrenaline released? |
In the adrenal glands |
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How does adrenaline work? |
Adrenaline binds to receptors in the heart This causes the heart muscle to contract more frequently This causes the heart rate and blood pressure to increase This increases blood flow to the muscles so cells receive more oxygen and glucose for respiration It also binds to receptors in the liver This causes the liver to break down its glycogen stores to release glucose This increases it's level so more glucose is in the blood to be transported into cells |
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What is negative feedback? |
It's when the body triggers a response to bring the level of any hormone back to normal if it's gone above or below a normal level. |
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What does Thyroxine do? |
Regulates metabolism |
