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59 Cards in this Set

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Animal cells? (4)

Nucleus


Cytoplasm


Cell membrane


Mitochondria

Nucleus

Nucleus contains DNA instructions for making proteins eg the enzymes used in the chemical reactions of respiration and photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

Gel like substance where proteins like enzymes are made. Some enzyme controlled reactions take place in the cytoplasm eg the reaction of anaerobic respiration

Cell membrane

Hold cell together and controls what goes in and out, lets gases and water pass though freely while acting as a barrier for other chemicals

Mitochondria

These are where the enzymes need for reaction of aerobic respiration are found and where the reaction takes place

Plant cells? (3)

Rigid cell wall


Vacuole


Chloroplast

Rigid cell wall

Made of cellulose supports cell and strengthens it

Mitochondria

These are where the enzymes need for reaction of aerobic respiration are found and where the reaction takes place

Vacuole

contains cell aap a weak solution of sugar and salts

Chloroplasts

These are where the reactions of photosynthesis take place they contains a green substance called chlorophyll and the enzymes needed for photosynthesis

Yeast cell (5)

Cell membrane


Cytoplasm


Nucleus


Mitochondria


Cell wall

Bacteria (4)

Cell membrane


Cell wall


Cytoplasm


Circular DNA molecule in the cytoplasm

What doesn't bacteria have?

Nucleus


Mitochondria but can still respire aerobically

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Chemical reactions usually involve..

Being spilt apart or joined together

Substrate

Is a Molecule that is changed in a reaction

In animal and some microorganisms anaerobic respiration can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide

Glucose --> ethanol + co2 (+energy released)

Fermentation

Is when microorganisms break down sugars into other products as they respire anaerobically

3 things we use fermentation for?

Biomas


Bread


Alcohol

Biomas

Fuel used for heating and lighting


Someone ferments plant and animal waste which contain carbohydrates


The biogas they produce is mainly methane and carbon dioxide

In animal and some microorganisms anaerobic respiration can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide

Glucose --> ethanol + co2 (+energy released)

Fermentation

Is when microorganisms break down sugars into other products as they respire anaerobically

3 things we use fermentation for?

Biomas


Bread


Alcohol

Biomas

Fuel used for heating and lighting


Someone ferments plant and animal waste which contain carbohydrates


The biogas they produce is mainly methane and carbon dioxide

Bread

Made using yeast

The yeast ferment the carbohydrates in the flour and release carbon dioxides this causes the flour to rise

Alcohol

Yeast ferment sugar to form alcohol


The sugar used in alcohol production comes from things like grades

Photosynthesis

Is a series of chemical reactions that uses light energy from sunlight to produce food

The food is glucose a sugar

Where does photosynthesis happen

The cells in green plants leaf


Some microorganisms phytoplankton

Temp

Too cold The enzyme work slower


Too hot the enzymes denature (45')

Graphs

Back (Definition)

Carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen

Back (Definition)

What's produced as a waste product in photosynthesis

Oxygen

How do animals also get photosynthesis

They eat the plants that have already converted it into glucose

3 main uses of glucose

Respiration


Chemicals for growth


Stored as starch

Respiration

Released energy from the glucose

Chemicals for growth

1. Glucose is converted into you Celulose for making cell walls


2. Glucose is combined with nitrogen (from nitrates taken up from the soil by plants) to make amino acid's which are then made into proteins


3. Glucose is also used to make chlorophyll

Stored as starch

Glucose is turned into starch and stored in the roots, stem and leaves. Is used at times when the rate of photosynthesis is slower like in the winter.

Graphs

Back (Definition)

Transects

A way of investigating how something changes across an area

How to set up transects

Run a tape measure between two points


Start at one end of the Transects and start collecting data


Move along the Transect and carry of collecting data

Light meter

Sensor that accurately measures level of light

Quadrat

Quicker and easier


Square frame divided into a grid of 100 smaller squares


You count the square if it's more that half covered

Identification key

To identify plants


It's a series of questions that you can use to figure out what a plant is. You start with question one and The answer is used to narrow down your options of what is the plant could be eventually you are left with your plant

Diffusion basically is

Gradual movement of particles from places where there are lots of them to places where there are a fewer of them.

Diffusion actual definition

Diffusion is the passive overall movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

Transects

A way of investigating how something changes across an area

How to set up transects

Run a tape measure between two points


Start at one end of the Transects and start collecting data


Move along the Transect and carry of collecting data

Light meter

Sensor that accurately measures level of light

Quadrat

Quicker and easier


Square frame divided into a grid of 100 smaller squares


You count the square if it's more that half covered

Identification key

To identify plants


It's a series of questions that you can use to figure out what a plant is. You start with question one and The answer is used to narrow down your options of what is the plant could be eventually you are left with your plant

Diffusion basically is

Gradual movement of particles from places where there are lots of them to places where there are a fewer of them.

Diffusion actual definition

Diffusion is the passive overall movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

Passive

Takes place without needing any energy

Osmosis basically is

Type of diffusion The passive movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Osmosis actual definition

Osmosis is the overall movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solution through a particle a permeable membrane

Partially permeable membrane is just..

One that only allows certain substances to defuse through it for example may only allow small molecules like water to pass through a lot larger molecules like sucrose

Plants take in water by osmosis

Usually higher concentration of water in soil than inside a plant so the water is drawn into the root by osmosis

Active transport basically

Sometimes chemicals like glucose need to be moved from an area with a lower concentration of chemicals to an area with higher concentration across a cell membrane. This is done by a process called active transport uses energy from respiration

Active transport actually definition

Active transport is the overall movement of chemicals a cross a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy released by respiration