B2 Vocab

Front 1

Active exercise -

Back 1

Repetitive movement or a part of the body as a result of voluntary contraction and relaxation of the controlling muscles

Front 2

Addition or summation -

Back 2

Chemical reaction in which two complete molecules combine to form a new product. An accumulative effect or action

Front 3

Ambulatory

Back 3

Able to walk, not confined to bed or wheelchair

Front 4

Antagonism/antagonistic effect –

Back 4

Process where one drug acts against the therapeutic effect of another drug.

Front 5

Barbiturate -

Back 5

Sedative or hypnotic drug that depresses respiratory rate, BP, temp and CNS, may be addictive. Used to assist client to sleep

Front 6

Bioavailability -

Back 6

The degree of activity or amount of an administered drug or other substance that becomes available for activity in target tissue

Front 7

Body mechanics -

Back 7

Field of physiology that studies muscular activity and the function of muscles, in maintaining the posture of body help in prevention of injury - when lifting/moving

Front 8

Circadian rhythm (cycle)

Back 8

- Pattern based on 24-hour (day/night) cycle especially the repetition of certain physiological phenomena as sleeping and eating.

Front 9

Contracture -

Back 9

Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint, characterized by flexing and fixation and caused by atrophy and shorting of muscle fibers.

Front 10

Contraindication

Back 10

- Factor that prohibits the administration of a drug or the performance of an act or procedure in the case of a special patient.

Front 11

Dream -

Back 11

Sequence of ideas, thoughts, emotions, or images that pass the mind during REM stage of sleep

Front 12

Drug absorption –

Back 12

The rate at which a drug leaves its site of administration and the extent to which it occurs

Front 13

Drug biotransformation -

Back 13

(Metabolism) Involves the biologic transformation of a drug. It is the step after absorption and leads to distribution. The liver is the organ most responsible for this process.

Front 14

Drug excretion -

Back 14

Elimination of drugs from the body. The kidney is the main organ responsible.

Front 15

Drug distribution -

Back 15

Pattern of transport of drug by the circulatory system/bloodstream to its site of action.

Front 16

Drug interactions -

Back 16

Alteration of one drug by another drug. Can either increase or decrease actions of drug and can either be harmful or beneficial. A drug-drug or drug-food interaction can be seen

Front 17

Drug metabolism -

Back 17

Transformation of a drug by the body tissue into a chemical metabolite, example: Aspirin metabolized to salicylic acid

Front 18

Flaccidity

Back 18

- Weak, soft and flabby, lacking normal muscle tone.

Front 19

Four stages of sleep:
•

Back 19

NREM- Stage 1 - Lightest level of sleep, few minutes, decrease physiological activity, awake by noise.
•NREM- Stage 2 - Sound-sleep, relaxation, arousal still easy 10-20 mins. Body functions slow, feel as if daydreaming
•NREM- Stage 3 - Initial deep sleep stage, muscles relaxed hard to arouse/move 15-30 mins., vitals decline.
NREM- Stage 4 - Deepest stage of sleep, difficult to awake, vital signs decrease, 15-30 mins, sleepwalking, enuresis
•REM- Stage 5 - 90 mins after sleep begins, also dreaming occurs in this stage.

Front 20

Fowler’s or semi-sitting position -

Back 20

Head is 45 to 60 degrees and knees are slightly elevated.

Front 21

Gait –

Back 21

Style of walking including rhythm, cadence, and speed.

Front 22

Generic or nonproprietary name -

Back 22

Official nonproprietary name assigned to a drug not protected by a trademark

Front 23

Hypnotic -

Back 23

Drugs that when given at low doses calm or soothe the CNS without inducing sleep, but when given at high does may cause sleep. Causes sleep more potent than a sedative

Front 24

Hypodermic -

Back 24

Pertaining to the area below the skin, such as a hypodermic injection

Front 25

Immobility –

Back 25

Prolonged inactivity often with negative psycho-cognitive and physiological outcomes

Front 26

Line of gravity -

Back 26

Imaginary line that extends from the center of gravity to the base of support.

Front 27

Malaise -

Back 27

Vague uneasy feeling of body weakness, distresses or discomfort often marking the onset of and persisting throughout disease

Front 28

Muscle tone -

Back 28

Normal state of muscle tension.

Front 29

Nightmares or night terrors -

Back 29

Dream occurring during REM that arouses feelings of intense fear, usually wakes the sleeper. Usually in children, abrupt waking from sleep with signs of panic and anxiety

Front 30

Non-REM sleep -

Back 30

One of four stages of sleep cycle, precedes REM sleep most of normal sleep style consists of non rapid eye movement sleep

Front 31

OOB -

Back 31

Out Of Bed

Front 32

Oral -

Back 32

Pertaining to mouth (tablets, capsules)

Front 33

Parenteral -

Back 33

Treatment other than through the digestive system

Front 34

pH-

Back 34

"Potential Hydrogen" scale represents the relative acidity of a solution in which 7.0 - neutral, below 7.0 = acid and above 7.0 = alkaline.

Front 35

PO –

Back 35

Per OS (By Mouth)

Front 36

Potentiation -

Back 36

Synergistic action in which the effect of two drugs given simultaneously is greater than the effect of the drugs given separately.

Front 37

Prone position -

Back 37

Bend forwards, being in horizontal position when lying down

Front 38

REM sleep -

Back 38

Last stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement, vivid dreams and irregular breathing.

Front 39

Romberg sign (test) -

Back 39

Indication of loss of sense of position in which client losses balance when standing erect, feet together and eyes closed.

Front 40

Sedative -

Back 40

Drugs that have an inhibiting effect on CNS to the degree that these drugs reduce nervousness, excitability or irritability without causing sleep.

Front 41

Side effect -

Back 41

Predictable adverse drug reaction

Front 42

Lateral position -

Back 42

Side-lying

Front 43

Sleep –

Back 43

A state marked by reduced consciousness, diminished activity of the skeletal muscles and depressed metabolism.

Front 44

Somnambulism -

Back 44

Occurs during stages 3/4 of non-rem sleep that is characterized by complex motor activity, usually leaving the bed and walking about (sleepwalking).

Front 45

Supine position -

Back 45

Lying on back with the palm of hands turned up.

Front 46

Synergism/synergistic effect -

Back 46

Process of which two drugs or agents work simultaneously to enhance the function or effect of one another

Front 47

Tactile sensation -

Back 47

The sensation of touch.

Front 48

Therapeutic effect-

Back 48

Dosage range when the drug is effective. In a narrow range the drug can quickly become toxic

Front 49

Toxic effect -

Back 49

May develop after prolonged intake of a medicine or when a medicine accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or execution. Also occurs when a drug dose is outside the therapeutic range

Front 50

Trade or proprietary name -

Back 50

Patent medicine, OTC, RX, drug name given by a drug company.

Front 51

Untoward effects -

Back 51

Severe reaction to medicine (adverse effect).