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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An animal that kills other animals (the prey) for its food is a ...?
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Predator.
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An ecosystem is made up of two parts. What are they?
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The habitat (non-living) and the community (living).
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Archaeopteryx lived 150 million years ago. Fossil remains show that it had feathers, scales and teeth. It might have been a common ancestor of which two groups?
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Birds and reptiles.
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Bread mould, toadstools and mushrooms all belong to this group.
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Fungi.
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Eyes on the side of the head give prey animals a ...?
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Wide field of view.
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For what activity are worms adapted?
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Burrowing.
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From where do plants obtain the water they need for photosynthesis?
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The soil.
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Give an example of a natural ecosystem.
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Woodland, lake, rainforest, coral reef etc.
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Give an example of an artificial ecosystem.
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Greenhouse, aquarium, fish farm, farmer's field.
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Give an example of an endangered species from elsewhere in the world.
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Gorilla, panda.
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Give an example of the organisms involved in a mutualistic relationship.
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Oxpecker bird and buffalo.
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Give one example of natural selection.
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Insect resistance to insecticide, rats resistant to warfarin, bacteria resistant to antibiotics.
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Give three features of mammals.
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They have fur or hair, use lungs for breathing, the young are born well developed and the mother suckles the young.
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Give three ways in which carbon dioxide gets into the air.
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By plants and animals respiring, by burning fossil fuels, by the activities of decomposers.
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Give three ways in which plants are important to humans.
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As food, as medicines and to keep the level of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere stable.
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Give two examples of extinct animals.
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The dodo, Tasmanian wolf, giant otter, wood bison, Parma wallaby.
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Give two features of a good predator.
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Eyes to the front, camouflage, sharp teeth and claws, built for speed.
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Give two features of a successful prey animal.
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Camouflage, live in groups, fast, defences like stings or poisons.
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Give two reasons for animals becoming extinct.
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Climate change, loss of habitat, hunting, pollution.
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Give two reasons for conservation programmes.
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Protecting human food supply, cultural aspects, the use of plants for medicines, minimising damage to food chains.
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Give two reasons why a farmer does not want weeds growing in his wheat field.
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Weeds would compete for light, water, space, soil nutrients and so reduce the wheat yield.
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Give two ways of helping endangered species.
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Habitat protection, education programmes, captive breeding, legislation.
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How are other plants adapted for wind pollination?
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Feathery stigmas, small light pollen.
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How are some plants adapted for insect pollination?
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Colourful petals, nectar, sticky pollen.
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How can fish stocks be sustained whilst being exploited?
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By using fishing quotas.
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How can fossils give us evidence for evolution?
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Fossils in different rock layers tell us what sort of life existed at that time in a sequence over millions of years.
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How can wood be used in a sustainable way?
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By replanting woodlands.
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How could you prove that carbon dioxide is needed for photosynthesis?
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Enclose a destarched plant in a plastic bag with soda lime. Leave the plant in sunlight for a few hours. Test a leaf for starch.
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How do the plants benefit from nitrogen fixing bacteria in root nodules?
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They gain nitrates.
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How do we describe the relationship between predators and prey?
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A cyclical fluctuation of numbers between the two populations.
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How might the rate of photosynthesis of a plant be limited?
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Low temperature, shortage of carbon dioxide or shortage of light.
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How was Lamarck’s idea of evolution different to Darwin’s?
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Lamark proposed that organisms could inherit acquired characteristics.
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How would you estimate the numbers of weeds in your school field?
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Use random quadrats.
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In mutualistic relationship, both species …?
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Benefit.
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In what way are artificial ecosystems often affected by man?
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By weedkillers, pesticides and fertilisers.
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In which type of variation are there clear-cut differences with no in-betweens?
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Discontinuous variation.
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List four environmental factors to which animals and plants have to adapt in order to survive.
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Temperature, light, water, oxygen, pH, and carbon dioxide.
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List three ways in which camels are adapted to an arid (dry) environment.
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Long thin legs and splayed feet lose heat. Little body fat except in hump that acts as a water store.
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List three ways in which polar bears are adapted to their environment.
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Thick, white fur for insulation and camouflage. Body fat for insulation. Claws and teeth to catch prey.
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Many plants and animals are _ ?_ to help them survive and breed.
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Adapted.
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Members of this group of vertebrates have smooth, moist skin and have to go to water to breed.
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Amphibians.
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Name a parasite.
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Flea, tick, tapeworm.
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Name an ecosystem that is still relatively unexplored.
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Ocean depths.
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Name an endangered species in Britain in need of protection.
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Red kite, red squirrel, osprey.
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Name the main ‘greenhouse gases’.
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Carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrogen oxides.
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Name three features of arthropods.
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They have jointed legs, a segmented body, an exoskeleton and antennae.
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Name three things that could limit the growth of a population.
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Lack of food, overcrowding, build up of poisonous waste, lack of light, predators, disease, pollution.
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Name three things that plants compete for.
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Light, water, space, nutrients.
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Name two features that a cactus plant has to reduce water lost by evaporation
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Spines as leaves, swollen stem, long roots, stem has thick waxy layer (cuticle).
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Name two organisms that can be used as indicator species of water pollution.
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Blood worm, water louse, sludge worm, rat-tailed maggot, by their presence. Mayfly and stonefly larvae, by their absence.
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Small non-flying invertebrates can be collected using …?
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Pit-fall traps.
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Snails and cockles belong to this group.
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Molluscs.
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The accuracy of counting and collecting methods can be limited by …?
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Sample size, unrepresentative nature of the sample.
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The remains of a dead organism preserved in rocks of the Earth’s crust is a ...?
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Fossil.
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These animals have a sac-like body, tentacles and stinging cells and live in the sea.
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Cnidarians (sea anemones and jellyfish).
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These plants have needle-like leaves. They make seeds in cones instead of flowers.
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Conifers.
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These plants live in damp places because their thin leaves easily lose water. They do not have proper stems or roots and make spores.
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Mosses and liverworts.
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These reptiles dominated the Earth 200 to 65 million years ago.
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Dinosaurs.
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What are limiting factors?
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Things like light intensity, that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
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What are the three levels at which cooperation is required if sustainability is to be successful?
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Local, national and international.
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What are the two main causes of acid rain?
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Sulphur dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels and nitrogen oxides from car exhausts.
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What aspects of whale biology are largely not understood?
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Migration, communication and survival at depth.
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What can the sugar made in photosynthesis be used for?
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Some is used in respiration, some is changed to starch and stored, some is used to make cellulose.
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What could be the result of the global warming from the ‘greenhouse effect’?
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A rise in sea level and a flooding of low-lying areas.
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What do bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous plants gain?
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Sugars.
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What do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
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What do plants use cellulose for?
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As a strengthening material in cell walls.
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What do we call a group of individuals that can breed together and produce fertile offspring?
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A species.
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What do we call animals that do not have a backbone?
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Invertebrates.
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What do we call it when a species of animal or plant dies out?
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Extinction.
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What do we call protecting wildlife by preserving the environment?
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Conservation.
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What has caused the huge increase in the human population over the last 300 years?
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Improved agriculture means more food, public health and medical care has improved.
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What is a community?
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All the different species in a particular habitat.
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What is a pooter?
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A simple device to allow close inspection of small invertebrates.
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What is a population?
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A group of individuals of the same species.
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What is a variegated leaf?
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A leaf with some parts white where chlorophyll is missing.
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What is classification?
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Putting living organisms into groups based upon their similarities and differences.
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What is continuous variation?
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When there is a range of differences that can be measured, eg. height.
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What is meant by ‘survival of the fittest’?
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The individuals that are best adapted to their environment survive to carry on the species.
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What is the advantage of camel’s having a high temperature tolerance?
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They do not need to sweat to keep cool.
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
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Carbon dioxide + water (light and chlorophyll) glucose + oxygen
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What organisms can be used as an indicator of air pollution?
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Lichens.
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What other substances can sugar be converted to in a plant?
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Amino acids (which are built up into proteins), fats and oils.
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What sort of things do animals compete for?
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Food, space, mates, nests.
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What type of ecosystem will have the greatest diversity?
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Natural.
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What word describes the current pattern of human population growth?
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Exponential.
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What would happen to a predator if its prey all died of disease?
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Its numbers would decrease because of lack of food.
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What would you use to identify plants or animals found in your school grounds?
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An identification key.
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What would you use to sample flying insects?
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A net.
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When do photosynthesis and respiration take place in a plant?
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Photosynthesis takes place in the light. Respiration takes place all the time.
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Where do captive breeding programmes usually take place?
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Zoos.
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Which group of animals live in the sea, have a body pattern of five parts and have spiny skins?
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Echinoderms.
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Which two scientists put forward the ‘theory of natural selection’?
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
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Which type of peppered moth was able to survive in areas where the bark of trees is covered with lichen?
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The pale, speckled form.
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Why are big feet advantageous in arctic conditions?
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They spread an animal’s weight.
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Why are dark forms of the peppered moth not common in unpolluted areas?
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They show up against the light background and are eaten by birds.
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Why are most animals living in the arctic large?
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Large animals have a small surface area compared to their volume which is why they lose heat slowly.
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Why are spiny leaves on a cactus advantageous apart from in reducing water loss?
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They discourage animals.
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Why are whales exploited by hunting?
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Food, oil and cosmetics.
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Why are whales held in captivity?
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Entertainment, breeding, research.
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Why do fennec foxes have very large ears?
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To create a large surface area over which heat can be lost, so cooling the animal.
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Why do fish lay millions of eggs and flowers make thousands of seeds?
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Very few will survive in each generation.
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Why do individuals live in populations?
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To obtain food, shelter or light, in order to breed or for protection.
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Why do many animals defend a territory?
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To attract mates and ward off potential rivals.
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Why do plants respire?
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To provide energy for growth.
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Why do scientists have difficulty classifying some organisms?
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Because they share the features of more than one group. e.g. platypus, euglena.
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Why is oxygen production in photosynthesis so important?
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It provides oxygen for respiration in animals and plants.
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Why is the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increasing?
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More fossil fuels are being burnt. Deforestation, so less trees to take up carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
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Why is the increase in CFCs in the atmosphere a cause for concern?
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CFCs cause a thinning of the ozone layer. More ultra-violet light can penetrate and can cause skin cancer.
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