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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Keeping Healthy
What do we mean by a 'Balanced Diet'? |
A balanced diet contains the correct amounts of all the nutrients needed for healthy bodily functions |
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Give three reasons to explain why a person may be malnourished: |
They may take in too much energy; they may have too little food; particular nutrients may be missing from their diet |
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Give three factors that affect how much energy a person needs: |
Size of the person; sex of the person; the amount of exercise they do |
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What is meant by 'metabolic rate' and what factors affect the rate? |
Metabolic Rate is a measure of how quickly the chemical reactions in cells release energy from food. Exercise/ proportion of fat to muscle/ inherited factors affect the rate |
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Define: a). pathogen b). antibiotic |
a). an organism that causes disease b). a drug that kills bacteria |
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Why is it difficult to produce medicines to destroy viruses? |
Viruses reproduce inside body cells. The drugs would also damage the cells or tissues |
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What is meant by a 'mutation' of a pathogen? |
A mutation is a change in a gene |
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How is a pandemic different from an epidemic? |
A pandemic occurs when a disease spreads between different countries, an epidemic occurs within one country |
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Why don't doctors give antibiotics for mild throat infections? |
Mild throat infections can get better quickly without antibiotics. Overuse of antibiotics results in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria |
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Explain how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance: |
Some bacteria mutate and become resistant to an antibiotic. Antibiotics kill the non-resistant strains. The resistant strains multiply. Each time antibiotics are used, more of the resistant strains survive until the whole population of the bacteria is resistant |
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How does a person develop immunity following vaccination? |
White blood cells respond to the vaccine by producing antibodies. If the body is infected with the pathogen, the white blood cells respond quickly by producing more antibodies |
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Coordination and Control
Name the two main types of effector in the human body: |
Glands and muscles |
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Name three stimuli which affect humans: |
light, sound, chemicals |
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What affect does oestrogen have on FSH production? |
It inhibits the release of FSH |
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State two internal conditions that need to be controlled: |
Sugar and temperature |
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How are impulses transmitted across a synapse? |
By means of a chemical |
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What type of cell detects a change in the environment? |
Receptor cells |
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Name a plant hormone: |
Auxin |
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What is gravitropism? |
The response of a root to gravity |
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Why do plant shoots bend toward light? |
The growth hormone auxin causes the side of the shoot away from the light to grow more so becomes longer |
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How does the contraceptive pill work? |
It contains hormones which inhibit FSH so that the egg does not mature |
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Why are FSH and LH given in fertility treatment? |
FSH causes the egg to mature. LH stimulates ovulation (egg release) |
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Describe the sequence of events in a reflex action: |
Stimulus > receptor > sensory neuron > relay neuron > motor neuron > effector > responce |
