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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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After negative selection in the bone marrow, B cells migrate to where to wait for what?
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peripheral lymphoid organs to wait for activation
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Lack of CD19+ lymphocytes indicates a lack of
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mature B cells
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Btk is what enzyme essential for what step in B cell development?
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Bruton's tyrosine kinase, inhibits second re-arrangement of heavy chain, thus stimulating proliferation and light chain re-arrangement
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RAG-1 and RAG-2 result in what joining?
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D-J and then V-DJ
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Immature, Mature B cells have what on surface?
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IgM
IgM, IgD |
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re-arrangement of H and L chains happen in what order?
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DJ on both chrom - y
VDJ on 1st chrom -y/n VDJ on 2nd chrom -y/n kappa on 1st -y/n kappa on 2nd - y/n lambda on 1st - y/n lambda on 2nd y! |
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An anergic B cell in the periphery with IgD is the result of?
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self-reactivity to soluble self molecule in bone marrow
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strong ligation of IgM to self antigen in bone marrow can trigger
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arrest of development
light-chain re-arrangement |
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Positive selection for MHC class I and MHC class II happens where and results in what kind of T cells?
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cortex of thymus
MHC class I CD8+ MHC class II CD4+ |
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Negative selection of T cells happens where, is driven by what cells, and results in?
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cortex/medulla junction of thymus
driven by dendrites and macrophages thymocytes reacting strongly to self peptides are deleted |
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Thymocytes initially re-arrange which chain, then when that is over what is induced and what chain is re-arranged ?
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beta chain
CD8/CD4 induction then alpha chain |
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Re-arrangement of alpha loci can happen until?
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the cell dies or receives a signal from a TCR
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If there is no MHC(HLA) class II on the surface of cells, then there is no positive selection of what kind of T cells?
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CD4+ T cells
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T cells, after recognizing antigen presented by B cells, will express what and release what resulting in what?
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CD40
cytokines (IL4, IL5, IL6, IL13) B cell proliferation and plasma cell / memory cell creation |
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One example of T cell independent antigen?
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LPS
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Why are so many people 'allergic' to penicillin (and what is a name for this phenomenon?
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because penicillin can conjugate with self proteins, then IgE antibodies are created against it!
Hapten-Carrier |
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Resting B cells versus plasma cells: main differences?
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Resting B can isotype switch, has lots of surface Ig, has surface MHC class II, can grow and mutate.
Plasma secretes Ig, and has a little surface Ig |
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B cells enter lymph node how, become activated where, plasma cells gather where, plasma cells leave how to go where?
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through venules, activate at T cell/medulla border, gather into a germinal center in primary follicle, leave through efferent lymph vessels to go to bone marrow and spleen
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If a B cell mutates in the germinal center into presenting low affinity surface antigens it will?
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undergo apotosis
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If a B cell mutates in the germinal center into presenting high affinity surface antigens that cross links with helper T cells it will?
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proliferate and mature into memory cells and plasma cells
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Isotype switches to IgM IgG and IgA are driven by cytokines produced by?
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T cells
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Diffusion into extravascular sites and transport accross placenta are driven by Ig?
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IgG
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Ig for transport across epithelium?
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IgA
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CD64 is aka, has what structure, binds what Ig, induces what after ligation?
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CD64 is FcgammaR1
has 72kDs alpha, gamma binds to IgG1 respiratory burst in phagocytes and dendrites |
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CD16 is aka, has what structure, binds what Ig, induces what after ligation
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CD16 is Fc gamma RIII
50 or 70 kDa alpha, gamma or epsilon IgG1 induction of NK cells |
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Fc epsilon RI has what structure, binds what Ig, induces what after ligation
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alpha beta gamma
IgE granule secretion |
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Free versus bound to pathogen Ig on macrophages?
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free does not stimulate macrophage activation, bound to pathogen does
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macrophages engulfs bacterium after what two events, then what do lysosomes do?
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macrophage needs IgG and C3b on pathogen,
then the lysosomes fuse with the phagosome to degrade the bacterium |
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cytokines that regulate Ig isotopes inculde
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IL4 IL5 IFNgamma TGFbeta
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Plasma and memory cells are where
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in lymph organ or go to marrow or spleen or site or..
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T cell cytokines that induce B cell proliferation and maturation include
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IL4 IL5 IL6
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"armed" T cells express what three things?
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CD4+
CD40+ high affinity IL-2 receptor |
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innate immune response causes dendritic cells to do what?
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mature and migrate to secondary lymphoid site
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IL13 is secreted primarily by what T cell and is associated with what physiological response?
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Th2 cells in the allergic inflammation response
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IL6 mediates which two responses?
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Fever and acute phase from liver
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