Avccc Entrance Exam 2015

Front 1

What are the Troop Leading Procedures?

Back 1

1. Receive Mission

2. Issue Warning Order

3. Make a Tentative Plan

4. Initiate Movement

5. Reconnoiter

6. Complete Plan

7. Issue OPORD

8. Supervise

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-5)

Front 2

What are the Key Planning Concepts?

Back 2

Parallel plan

Limit risk

Approach - sequencing operations

Nested Concepts

Necessary Control Measures

ISR

Never violate the 1/3-2/3 rule

Go to the end state first - reverse plan

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-6)

Front 3

What are the two kinds of "approach" (Sequencing Operations)?

Back 3

1. Sequential Approach

2. Simultaneous Approach

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-9)

Front 4

What are the three categories of operations?

Back 4

1. Decisive Operations

2. Shaping Operations

3. Sustaining Operations

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-12)

Front 5

What are the elements of METT-TC?

Back 5

Mission

Enemy

Terrain & Weather

Troops

Time

Civil Considerations

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-34)

Front 6

What are the military aspects of terrain?

Back 6

Obstacles

Avenues of Approach

Key Terrain

Observation and Fields of Fire

Cover and Concealment

(FM 3-21.10 Para 2-53, ATP 2-01.3 para 4-59)

Front 7

What are the Foundations of Unified Land Operations?

Back 7

1. Initiative

2. Decisive Action

3. Army Core Competencies

4. Mission Command

(ADRP 3-0 Para 2-3)

Front 8

What are the Tenets of Unified Land Operations?

Back 8

Flexibility

Integration

Lethality

Adaptability

Depth

Synchronization

(ADRP 3-0 Para 2-3)

Front 9

What are the Principles of Joint Operations?

Back 9

Objective

Offensive

Mass

Maneuver

Economy of Force

Unity of Command

Security

Surprise

Simplicity

Restraint

Perseverance

Legitimacy

OR

MOROSE SLUMPS

(ADRP 3-90 para 2-2)

Front 10

What are the steps of Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB)?

Back 10

1. Define the Operational Environment

2. Describe Effects on Operations (Environmental)

3. Evaluate the Threat/Adversary

4. Determine Threat/Adversary CoAs

(ATP 2-01 para 1-10)

Front 11

What are the elements of a Mission Statement?

Back 11

1. Who

2. What (Task)

3. When

4. Where

5. Why (Purpose)

6. Type of Operation

(ADRP 1-02 ch 1; FM 3-21.10 ch 2)

Front 12

What is a Decisive Point?

Back 12

A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contribute materially to achieving success.

(ADRP 1-02 ch 1)

Front 13

What are the four primary Offensive Tasks?

Back 13

1. Movement to Contact
2. Attack

3. Exploitation

4. Pursuit

(ADRP 3-90 para 3-16)

Front 14

What are the three basic Defensive Tasks?

Back 14

1. Area Defense
2. Mobile Defense
3. Retrograde

(ADRP 3-90 para 4-12)

Front 15

What are the four Characteristics of the Offence?

Back 15

1. Audacity

2. Concentration

3. Surprise

4. Tempo

(ADRP 3-90 para 3-3)

Front 16

What are the seven Characteristics of the Defense?

Back 16

1. Disruption

2. Flexibility

3. Maneuver

4. Mass and Concentration

5. Operations in Depth

6. Preparation

7. Security

(ADRP 3-90 para 4-3)

Front 17

What are the three Levels of War?

Back 17

1. Strategic

2. Operational

3. Tactical

(JP 3-0 ch1 6a)

Front 18

What are the seven Fundamentals of Reconnaissance Operations?

Back 18

1. Ensure continuous reconnaissance

2. Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve

3. Orient on the reconnaissance objective

4. Report information rapidly and accurately

5. Retain freedom of maneuver

6. Gain and maintain enemy contact

7. Develop the situation rapidly

(ADRP 3-90 para 5-3)

Front 19

What are the five fundamentals of security?

Back 19

1. Provide early and accurate warning

2. Provide reaction time and maneuver space

3. Orient on the force or facility to be secured

4. Perform continuous reconnaissance

5. Maintain enemy contact

(ADRP 3-90 para 5-15)

Front 20

What is the four (or six) step Air Assault reverse Planning Sequence?

Back 20

1. Ground tactical plan

2. Landing plan

3. Air movement plan

4. Marshalling Plan

4.a. Loading plan

4.b. Staging plan

(FM 3-99 para 3-10)

Front 21

What are the seven Air Assault Planning Considerations?

Back 21

1. Planning Methodology

2. Predeployment Planning and Preparation

3. X-Hour/N-Hour Sequences for Deployment

4. Optimize Available Planning Time

5. Control Measures

6. Determine Go/No-Go Criteria

7. Airfield Opening

(FM 3-99 para 3-15)

Front 22

What are the eight Principles of Direct Fire Control?

Back 22

1. Mass the effects of fire

2. Destroy the greatest threat first

3. Avoid target overkill

4. Employ the best weapon for the target

5. Minimize friendly exposure

6. Prevent fratricide

7. Plan for extreme limited visibility conditions

8. Plan for diminished capabilities

(FM 3-21.10 para 9-0)

Front 23

What are the six Forms of Maneuver?

Back 23

1. Envelopment

2. Flank Attack

3. Frontal Attack

4. Infiltration

5. Penetration

6. Turning Movement

(ADRP 3-90 para 3-40)

Front 24

What are the five Fundamentals of Breaching?

Back 24

1. Suppress

2. Obscure

3. Secure

4. Reduce

5. Assault

(FM 3-21.10 para 8-126)

Front 25

What are the five Tenets of Breaching?

Back 25

1. Intelligence

2. Fundamentals

3. Organization

4. Mass

5. Synchronization

(FM 3-21.10 para 8-124)

Front 26

What are the eight Elements of Combat Power?

Back 26

1. Leadership

2. Information

3. Mission Command

4. Movement and Maneuver

5. Intelligence

6. Fires

7. Sustainment

8. Protection

(ADRP 3-0 para 3-2)

Front 27

What are the six Warfighting Functions?

Back 27

1. Mission Command

2. Movement and Maneuver

3. Intelligence

4. Fires

5. Sustainment

6. Protection

(ADRP 3-0 para 3-6)

Front 28

What is the seven step Ground Engagement Area Development process?

Back 28

1. Identify all likely enemy avenues of approach

2. Determine likely enemy schemes of maneuver

3. Determine where to kill the enemy

4. Emplace weapons systems

5. Plan and integrate obstacles

6. Plan and integrate indirect fires

7. Rehearse the execution of operations in the EA

(FM 3-21.10 para 5-87)

Front 29

What is the eight step Air Engagement Area Development Process?

Back 29

1. Intelligence preparation of the battlefield.

2. Select the ground for the attack.

3. Integrate the EA.

4. Plan the direct-fire fight.

5. Fire control.

6. Review the plan.

7. Rehearse the plan.

8. Execute the plan.

(FM 3-04.126 para 3-307)

Front 30

What are the five paragraphs in an Operations Order?

Back 30

1. Situation

2. Mission

3. Execution

4. Sustainment

5. Command and Signal

(FM 6-0 para C-9)

Front 31

What is a Commander's Critical Information Requirement (CCIR)?

Back 31

An information requirement identified by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making.

(ADRP 1-02 ch 1)

Front 32

What are the seven Core Competencies of Army Aviation?

Back 32

1. Provide accurate and timely information collection on the enemy, terrain, local populations and friendly forces.

2. Provide reaction time and maneuver space.

3. Destroy, defeat, disrupt, divert, or delay enemy forces.

4. Air assault ground maneuver forces.

5. Air move personnel, equipment, and supplies.

6. Evacuate wounded or recover isolated personnel.

7. Enable mission command over extended ranges and complex terrain.

Front 33

Back 33

Ambush - An attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy.

Front 34

Back 34

Disrupt - A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion.

Front 35

Back 35

Interdict - A tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy’s use of an area or route

Front 36

Back 36

Secure - A tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action.

Front 37

Back 37

Turn - A tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue of approach or mobility corridor to another.

Front 38

Back 38

Attack by Fire – A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy.

Front 39

Back 39

Obstacle Effect, Block - an obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to stop an attacker along a specific avenue of approach or to prevent the attacking force from passing through an engagement area.

Front 40

Back 40

Obstacle Effect, Turn - A tactical obstacle effect that integrates fire planning and obstacle effort to divert an enemy formation from one avenue of approach to an adjacent avenue of approach or into an engagement area.

Front 41

Back 41

Obstacle Effect, Disrupt - An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to cause the enemy to break up his formation and tempo, interrupt his timetable, commit breaching assets prematurely, and attack in a piecemeal effort.

Front 42

Back 42

Obstacle Effect, Fix - An obstacle effect that focuses fire planning and obstacle effort to slow an attacker’s movement within a specified area, normally an engagement area.

Front 43

Back 43

Clear - A tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area.

Front 44

Back 44

Seize - A tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area using overwhelming force.

Front 45

Back 45

Block - A tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach.

Front 46

Back 46

Delay - To slow the time of arrival of enemy forces or capabilities or alter the ability of the enemy or adversary to project forces or capabilities.

Front 47

Back 47

Neutralize - A tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation.

Front 48

Back 48

Retain - A tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use.

Front 49

Back 49

Support by Fire - A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force.

Front 50

Back 50

Breach - A tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or establish a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification.

Front 51

Back 51

Destroy - A tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted.

Front 52

Back 52

Fix - A tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period.

Front 53

Back 53

Suppress - A tactical mission task that results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the mission.

Front 54

Operational Symbol - S

Back 54

Screen - A security task that primarily provides early warning to the protected force.

Front 55

Operational Symbol - G

Back 55

Guard - A security task to protect the main force by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units conducting a guard mission cannot operate independently because they rely upon fires and functional and multifunctional support assets of the main body.

Front 56

Back 56

Infiltrate - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires.

Front 57

Back 57

Envelopment - A form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current positions.

Front 58

Defeat

Back 58

A tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force’s commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander’s will, and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its use.

Front 59

Back 59

Disrupt - A tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy’s formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion.

Front 60

Back 60

Air Movement(s) - Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including airdrops and air landings. Operations involving the use of utility and cargo rotary-wing assets for other than air assaults.

Front 61

Movement to Contact

Back 61

An offensive task designed to develop the situation and establish or regain contact.

Front 62

Back 62

M4 Semi-automatic carbine

Round: 5.56mm

MR: 3600m

MER (area): 600m

MER (point): 500m

Crew: 1 (Rifleman)

Front 63

Back 63

M2 Browning is a belt-fed, recoil operated, air-cooled, crew-served machine gun

Round: .50 cal

MR: 6767m (7400yds)

MER (area): 1829m (2000yds)

Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant)

Front 64

Back 64

M1A2 Abrams Heavy Battle Tank

Round: 7.62 (2) / .50 cal / 120mm

MR: 3725m / 6700m / ?

MER (area): 900m / ? / 3000m

Crew: 4 (Driver, Gunner, Commander, Loader)

Front 65

Back 65

M224 Light Mortar

Round: 60mm

Min Range: 70m

Max Range: 3490m

Crew: 3 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Ammunition Handler)

Front 66

Back 66

M120 Heavy Mortar

Round: 120mm

Min Range: 200m

Max Range: 7200m

Crew: 3 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Commander)

Front 67

Back 67

M252 Heavy Mortar

Round: 81mm

Min Range: 83m

Max Range: 5608m

Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner)

Front 68

Back 68

AH-64 Attack Helicopter

Round: 30mm / MK66 / Hellfire

Min Range: 500m

Max Range: 3km / 8km / 8km

Crew: 2 (Pilots)

Front 69

Back 69

M203 Grenade Launcher

Round: 40mm

Max Range: 400m

MER (Area): 350m

MER (Point): 150m

Min Safe Range: 31m (165m tng)

Crew: 1 (Grenadier)

Front 70

Back 70

MK19 Automatic Grenade Launcher

Round: 40mm

MER (Area): 2212m

MER (Point): 1500m

Min Safe Range: 31m (165m tng)

Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner)

Front 71

Back 71

M249 Squad Automatic Weapon

Round: 5.56mm

Max Range: 3600m

MER (Area): 1000m

Crew: 1 (Machine Gunner)

Front 72

Back 72

M240H Medium Machine Gun

Round: 7.62mm

Max Range: 3725m

MER (Area): 1800m

MER (Point): 800m

Crew: 1 (Machine Gunner)

Front 73

Back 73

M98 Javelin Antitank Missile

Round: 127mm Shaped Charge (IR)

Effective Range:

Top: 150-2500m

Direct: 65-2500m

Crew: 2 (Gunner, Assistant Gunner)

Front 74

Back 74

Avenger Air Defense System

Round: .50 cal / 8 x Stinger Missile

Max Range: 6500m / ?

MER: 1850m / 8000m

Crew: 2 (Gunner, Driver)

Front 75

(Blue)

Back 75

Friendly - Known Location

Front 76

(Blue)

Back 76

Friendly - Planned Location

Front 77

(Red)

Back 77

Hostile - Known Location

Front 78

(Red)

Back 78

Hostile - Suspected Location

Front 79

(Green)

Back 79

Neutral - Known Location

Front 80

(Yellow)

Back 80

Unknown/Pending - Known Location

Front 81

Back 81

Brigade

Front 82

Back 82

Battalion

Front 83

Back 83

Company

Front 84

Back 84

Platoon

Front 85

Back 85

Section

Front 86

Back 86

Squad

Front 87

Back 87

Team

Front 88

Back 88

Task Force

Front 89

Back 89

Infantry

Front 90

Back 90

Rotary Wing Aviation

Front 91

Back 91

Air Assault

Front 92

Back 92

Airborne

Front 93

Back 93

Air Defense Artillery

Front 94

Back 94

Armored

Front 95

Back 95

Mortar

Front 96

Back 96

Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)

Air Assault Infantry Company

Front 97

Back 97

Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)

Airborne Infantry Company

Front 98

Back 98

Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)

Weapons Company

Front 99

Back 99

Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)

Mortar Section - incorrectly shows platoon

Front 100

Back 100

Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT)

Infantry Battalion

Front 101

Back 101

Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB)

Front 102

Back 102

Attack Recon Battalion (ARB)

Front 103

Back 103

Attack Recon Company (ARC)

Front 104

Back 104

Attack Recon Squadron (ARS)

Front 105

Back 105

Attack Recon Troop (ART)

Front 106

Back 106

Assault Helicopter Battalion (AHB)

Front 107

Back 107

Assault Helicopter Company (AHC)

Front 108

Back 108

General Support Aviation Battalion (GSAB)

Front 109

Back 109

Command Aviation Company (CAC)

Front 110

Back 110

Heavy Lift Company

Front 111

Back 111

MEDEVAC Company

Front 112

Back 112

Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT)

Armored Company

Front 113

Back 113

Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT)

Armored Platoon

Front 114

Back 114

Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)

Infantry Battalion

Front 115

Back 115

Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)

Infantry Company

Front 116

Back 116

Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)

Infantry Platoon

Front 117

Back 117

Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT)

Scout Platoon

Front 118

Back 118

Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT)

Scout Platoon

Front 119

Back 119

Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)

Scout Platoon

Front 120

Back 120

Special Forces

Front 121

What are Traditional Threats to Aviation?

Back 121

1. Unguided projectiles

2. Antiaircraftartillery (AAA)

3. Man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS)

4. Surface to air missiles (SAMs)

5. Electronic warfare capabilities

6. Armed aircraft

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 122

What are Non-Traditional Threats to Aviation?

Back 122

1. Improvised Explosive Devices (IED)

2. Cyber capabilities

3. Anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM)

4. Passive Detection

5. Directed Energy Weapons

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 123

Describe Unguided Projectile Weapons

Back 123

Weapon systems which follow an unguided ballistic trajectory to includesmall arms, rocket-propelled grenades, rockets, indirect fires and medium and heavy machine guns (12.7to 14.5 millimeters) that can engage aviation systems at varying altitudes or against fixed Army Aviationlocations like FARPs, airfields and TAAs

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 124

Provide Examples of Current Unguided Projectile Threats

Back 124

Type Name Round Max Eff Range

Small Arms: AK-47 7.62mm 300m

RPG: RPG-7V 40mm 500m

Rocket: BM-21 122mm 1.5-20.4km

Indirect: D-30 Howitzer 122mm 1-15.3km

Machine Guns: DShK 12.7mm 1-2km

(WEG 2011, Vol 1)

Front 125

Describe Anti-Aircraft Artillery

Back 125

Weapon systems with the capability to fire exploding rounds of 20mm or greater which use visual,electro-optical (EO), infrared (IR), or radar for acquisition and ballistic solutions that can engage aviationsystems up to high altitudes. AAA platforms include: dedicated wheeled and tracked AAA systems,stationary gun emplacements, non-standard (technical) vehicles, and maritime platforms.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 126

Provide Examples of Current Anti-Aircraft Artillery Threats

Back 126

Type Name Round Max Eff Range

Wheeled: S-60 57mm 4-6km

Tracked: ZSU-23-4 4x23mm 2.5km+

Stationary: Pantsir 30mm/57E6 4km/18km

Technical: Many vehicles may be used to tow

Maritime: Many guns can be attached to vessels

(WEG 2011, Vol 2)

Front 127

Describe Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS)

Back 127

MANPADS are shoulder-fired, point-defense guided missile systems using the infrared orultra-violet spectrum with active infrared, ultra-violet, laser, or optical guidance that can engage aviationsystems. MANPADS can be employed dismounted, or mounted on ground vehicles, manned and UA,or maritime platforms and are generally limited to the operator’s ability to visually acquire and trackaircraft prior to initiating launch.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 128

Provide Examples of current MANPADS Threats

Back 128

Russian: SA-18 IGLA, 9M39, 0.5-6km+, 80% Ph

British: Starstreak, 0.3-7km, >95% Ph

French: Mistral 2, 0.6-6km, 80% Ph

(WEG 2011, Vol 2)

Front 129

Describe Surface to Air Missile Systems (SAM)

Back 129

SAMs are short to long-range air defense systems using radar frequency (RF) and/or EO/IRacquisition and/or guidance. SAMs are capable of engaging all types of aviation systems up to highaltitudes. SAMs are typically mounted on dedicated platforms, including stationary sites, wheeled or tracked vehicles, or maritime platforms. SAMs have the potential for employment as a component of anintegrated air defense system with supporting early warning and acquisition radars providing cueing;however, a number of systems are fielded that can operate autonomously with on board acquisition andtargeting/guidance capabilities.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 130

Provide Examples of current SAM threats

Back 130

Type Name Round Max Eff Range

Stationary: SA-2 Guideline Volga-2A 6-60Km

Wheeled: SA-9 Gaskin 9M31 0.8-4.2Km

Tracked: SA-15 Gauntlet 9M331 1-12Km

Maritime: SA-7b Grail 9M32M 0.5-5Km

(WEG 2011, Vol 2)

Front 131

Describe Antiradiation Munitions (ARM)

Back 131

ARMs are active homing projectiles designed to detect and homeon a radio emission source. Although initially intended for active engagement of emitting radar systems,ARMs may be programmed and used to attack emitters employed on Army Aviation aircraft. ARMsmay be employed from threat rotary-wing and FW aircraft, as well as ground and maritime surfaceplatforms to engage aviation systems up to high altitudes.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 132

Provide an Example of Antiradiation Munitions (ARM)

Back 132

UAV: Harpy

Missile: 5V55PM

(WEG 2011, Vol 2)

Front 133

Describe Improvised Explosive Devices (IED)

Back 133

IEDs are typically devices made from readily available materialswhich are low cost and are typically relatively simple to employ. Using non-standard methods ofemploying explosive devices (such as artillery rounds, home-made explosives, mines) with improvisedtriggering (such as IR, command wire, RF, pressure plate), IEDs can be employed to deny terrain,interdict ground and air routes, create mass casualties in dense population areas, or deny the use of orambush friendly forces at point locations (such as LZs, buildings, observation positions). IEDs canengage aviation systems when operating at low altitudes.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 134

Describe Antitank Guided Missiles (ATGM). Provide an example.

Back 134

ATGMs are designed to defeat armored vehicles; however, they can also be employed againstlow, slow flying rotary-wing aircraft. ATGMs typically rely on visual or electro-optical acquisition ofthe target and are terminally guided by command wire, laser designation, passive EO/IR guidance, oractive RF guidance.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Example:

Russian Kornet, AT-14, Laser beam rider, 0.1-5.5Km

(WEG 2011, Vol 1 6-31)

Front 135

Describe Anti-helicopter Mines. Provide an example.

Back 135

Anti-helicopter mines are designed with specific triggering and terminal effectsto engage slow flying or hovering helicopters with the same intended purpose as IEDs.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Example:

Austrian HELKIR, Acoustic/IR, 150m, up to 250km/h

(WEG 2011, Vol 2, 6-25)

Front 136

Describe Passive Detection Systems

Back 136

These systems include image intensifiers/night vision goggles, IR systems, low-lightcameras, and acoustic or seismic detectors. These systems provide a detection capability based onuncontrollable emissions and reflections of aircraft and some are readily available at low cost ascommercial off the shelf systems or as developed and fielded by peer and near peer adversaries. The useof these capabilities significantly increases the potential for aircraft detection and the effectiveness ofvisual acquisition systems (such as MANPADS, small arms, heavy machine guns) during low lightoperations.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 137

Describe meaconing, interference, jamming, and intrusion (MIJI). Provide an Example

Back 137

Hybrid threats continue to seek low-costcommercial capabilities to disrupt/degrade communications, navigation, and precision munitionsemployment. In addition to commercial off-the-shelf adaptation, peer and near-peer threats possessspecific capabilities dedicated to jamming and interference.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Example:

UAV mounted GPS Jammer (Defensive Force)

(WEG 2011, Vol 2, 6-27)

Front 138

Describe Threat Aviation and Provide an Example

Back 138

Hybrid threat aviation capabilities may include military and civilian rotary-wing andFW aircraft and military or commercial off-the-shelf UAS. In addition to air-to-air capabilities, FW androtary-wing threat systems may be employed to attack aviation assembly areas (AAs), LZ/PZs, andFARPs with aerial delivered ground fires to disrupt aviation maneuver and mission command across theAO. UAS pose additional unique threats to include reconnaissance and surveillance of Army Aviationground and air operations, employment as improvised explosive devices against stationary and slowmoving aircraft or ground operations, and hazards to flight in congested areas like airfields and high useair corridors.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Example:

MiG-23 FLOGGER, Mach 1.2, 1500Km range, AA/AS missiles

(WEG 2011, Vol 2, 3-23)

Front 139

Describe Cyber Threats

Back 139

Hybrid threats seek to disrupt mission command nodes and capabilities throughoffensive cyber-attacks against unprotected or poorly protected networks and systems.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)

Front 140

Describe Directed Energy Threats

Back 140

Directed energy threats include laser designators, laser range finders, and missileguidance in beam riding munitions. Directed energy weapons, to include anti-personnel, anti-sensor, andanti-material, use the transmitted energy to disrupt, deny, or destroy an aircraft or aircrew member. Thescope of directed energy weapons ranges from commercial off-the-shelf handheld laser pointers to highpower/frequency acoustic and RF transmitters. The employment of anti-sensor and anti-material systemswill normally be for point defense of crucial equipment or facilities with employment from vehicles orfixed positions.

(FM3-04 para 1-53)