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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the sensory function of the ANS?
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Perceives visceral sensations or emotions.
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What is the function of the hypothalamus and spinal cord relative to the ANS?
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The ANS control center is primarily the hypothalamus but parts of the spinal cord may also be involved.
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Effectors regulated by ANS
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smooth muscle
cardiac muscle endocrin/exocrine adipose tissue |
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Identify the 2 ANS divisions
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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define dual innervation and explain its function
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phenomenon of regulating a single effector by both divisions of the ANS
Allows modulation of the effects from each division. |
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Contrast ANS and somatic motor pathways
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Differ: number of motor neurons for each pathway, presence and location of ganglia, and number and type of neurotransmitters
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Describe somatic motor neuron structure for stimulating an effector such as a skeletal muscle.
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In SNS, one motor neuron excites the skeletal muscle effector.
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ANS MOTOR NEURONS CARRY ACTION POTENTIALS TO EFFECTORS. DESCRIBE LOCATION AND FUCNTION, MYELINATION DIFFERENCES.
Preganglionic |
Preganglionic neurons are located in CNS witihin specific regions of brain and spinal cord, and send impulses along myelinated axons to postganglionic neurons.
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ANS MOTOR NEURONS CARRY ACTION POTENTIALS TO EFFECTORS. DESCRIBE LOCATION AND FUCNTION, MYELINATION DIFFERENCES.
Postganglionic |
Postganglionic neurons are located outside CNS. They receive impulses from the preganglionic neurons and transmit them to effectors via unmyelinated fibers.
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Describe the role of acetylcholine at the ganglia.
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Released via exocytosis from preganglionic neuron, it diffuses across the synaptic cleft and depolarizes the membrane of the postganglionic neuron. Sufficient depolarization will result in generation of an AP by the postganglionic neuron
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Describe the location of a parasympathetic motor ganglia.
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within or close to effector organs
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Describe the pattern that establishes a stimulation connection to only a single parasympathetic effector.
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Para ganglion has only a few postganglionic neurons, usually providing stimulation to only one effector.
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Describe the location of sympathetic motor ganglia .
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Near spinal cord or major abdominal arteries.
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Describe the pattern that establishes a stimulation connection to many sympathetic effectors.
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sympathetic ganglion has many postganglionic neurons, usually providing stimulation to many effectors.
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How are autonomic neurons classified?
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by the NT they release into a synapse
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Identify NT, deactivation enzyme
cholingeric |
release acetylcholine
inactivated by acetylcholinestrase |
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Identify NT, deactivation enzyme
Adrenergic |
release norepinepherine
inactivated by monoamine oxidase (MAO) |
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Contrast the functions of postsynaptic receptors
Nicotinic receptors |
always depolarize a cell when activated
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Contrast the functions of postsynaptic receptors
muscarinic |
may depolarize or hyperpolarize a cell when activated
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ID ans neurons that are adrenergic.
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most sympathetic postganglionic neurons
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Describe hypothalamus role within ANS
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ensure more efficient response
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when does the sympathetic division of ANS respond and stimulate its effectors
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Dominates when the body undergoes physical or emotional stress such as hemorrhagin, embaressment, exercise, or excitement.
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ID parasympathetic responses
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Pupil dilation, increase in HR, force of contraction and BP, bronchodilation in Lung airway
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how are these responses appropriate for the sympathetic "fight or flight" response
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allow for better vision, increased blood flow and pressure for muscular acrtivity and increased oxygen supply to the tissues
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3 reasons why effects of sympathetic stimulation are longer lasting and more widely spread than parasympathetic stimulation.
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1)motor pathways diverge to more effectors
2)norepinepherine is deactivated more slowly than acetylcholine 3)norepinepherine, secreted from adrenal medulla during times of stress, increases and spreads overall effect of NE that is released as a NT |
