Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

subdivisions of the ANS

Back 1

1) Sympathetic Nervous System
2) Parasympathetic Nervous System

Front 2

What is the ANS?

Back 2

system of motor neurons that innervate the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands of the body

Front 3

The ANS regulates

Back 3

visceral functions:
1) heart rate
2) Blood Pressure
3) digestion
4) urination

Front 4

where does the brain stem become the spinal cord?

Back 4

at the foramen magnum

Front 5

the ANS can also be called the...

Back 5

general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system

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motor unit of the ANS

Back 6

A chain of TWO neurons:
1) preganglionic neuron
2) postganglionic neuron

Front 7

preganglionic neuron

Back 7

- first neuron in the chain
- cell body of this neuron lies in the CNS
-synapses with the 2nd neuron
- Neuron 1 is ALWAYS MYELINATED

Front 8

postganglionic neuron

Back 8

- extends to the visceral organs
- cell body in a peripheral ganglion
- Neuron 2 is always NONMYELINATED
-projects axon to an effector

Front 9

autonomic ganglia

Back 9

motor ganglia containing motor neurons

Front 10

sympathetic division

Back 10

responsible for fight or flight
innervates smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels

Front 11

vasoconstriction

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narrowing of blood vessels, normally through the contraction of smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls

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sympathetic division is also known as

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thoracolumbar division

Front 13

Why can the Sympathetic division of the ANS be called the thoracolumbar division?

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the fibers emerge from the thoracic and superior lumbar parts of the spinal cord gray horns

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Why can the Parasympathetic division of the ANS be called the craniosacral division?

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its fibers emerge from the brain and the sacral spinal cord

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parasympathetic division is also called

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Craniosacral division

Front 16

Postganglionic (neuron 2) of the sympathetic division releases what neurotransmitter (usually)

Back 16

norepinephrine

Front 17

Postganglionic (neuron 2) of the parasympathetic division releases what neurotransmitter (usually)

Back 17

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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craniosacral outflow

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cell bodies of preganglionic (neuron 1) are in the brain stem or sacral region of the spinal cord gray horns

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Synapsing in the Parasympathetic Division occur

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IN or NEAR target organs

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General Functions of the Parasympathetic Division

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"Rest and Repose"
1) excitatory of digestive organs
2) depresses heart rate and blood pressure
3) constrict pupils of the eyes
4) sexual arousal
5) slows breathing
6) constricts urinary bladder

Front 21

Both Neurons of the Parasympathetic Division release what neurotransmitter?

Back 21

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Front 22

receptor

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peripheral nerve ending that responds to particular types of stimuli

Front 23

Nicotinic Receptor

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excitatory effects

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muscarinic receptor

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either excitatory or inhibitory
longer lasting effects

Front 25

Neuron 1 in Parasympathetic division

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- are long
- come from the brain stem or sacral spinal cord
- produce ACh

Front 26

Neuron 2 in Parasympathetic division

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- are short
- produce ACh
- can be either excitatory or inhibitory

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dual innervation

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each organ receives innervation from both sympathetic fibers and parasympathetic fibers,which modulate its activity

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visceral reflexes

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simplest functional units of the ANS, ALWAYS POLYSYNAPTIC

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polysynaptic

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one or more interneurons connect afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) signals.

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monosynaptic

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consists of only two neurons
refers to the presence of a single chemical synapse

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higher levels of autonomic control

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hypothalamus
medulla
cerebral control

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hypothalamus control

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tends to oversee and control certain ANS functions
main integration center

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medulla control

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controls such things as respiratory breathing rhythms and timing, blood pressure and heart rate

Front 34

cerebral control

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allows us to consciously override some effects
ie: calming ourselves when fearful

Front 35

chain ganglia (paravertebral chain)

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neuron 1 fibers are carried in the paravertebral chain which extends on either side of the vertebral column from C3-S4

Front 36

gray and white branches
(sympathetic chain)

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rami communicates
connect thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves to the chain

Front 37

anatomy of the sympathetic chain

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1) gray and white branches
2) sympathetic neuron #1
3) gray ramus communicans

Front 38

sympathetic neuron #1

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connects with the chain by the white ramus communicans.
WHITE MUST BE #1 GRAY MUST BE #2

Front 39

gray ramus communican

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carries neuron 2 out of the chain in a spinal nerve to its destination

Front 40

collateral ganglia (paravertebral)

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neuron #1 may pass through the chain without synapsing to one of the collateral ganglia

Front 41

collateral ganglia (paravertebral)
name the 3

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1) celiac ganglion
2) superior mesenteric ganglion
3) inferior mesenteric ganglion

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celiac ganglion

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innervates the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder

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superior mesenteric ganglion

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innervates small intestine and part of the colon

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inferior mesenteric ganglion

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innervates the kidneys, colon, sex organs

Front 45

adrenal medulla

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terminus for neuron 1
stimulates adrenal medulla to produce epinephrine, which are released into the blood stream

Front 46

Neuron 1 of the Sympathetic division produces which neurotransmitter?

Back 46

acetylcholine (ACH)

Front 47

Neuron 2 of the Sympathetic division produces which neurotransmitter?

Back 47

norepinephrine (NE)

Front 48

membrane receptors of the sympathetic division

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1) andrenergic receptors
2) cholinergic receptors

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andrenergic receptors

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responds to NE
broken down into Alpha and Beta Receptors

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Alpha Receptors

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an andrengeric receptor
targets smooth muscle: constricts sphincters and blood vessels

Front 51

beta receptors

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an andrengeric receptor
targets skeletal and smooth muscle: increases metabolic rate, usually excitatory

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cholinergic receptors

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respond to ACh
affects sweat glands
relaxes blood vessels in skeletal muscle

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Neuron 1 in sympathetic division

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- releases ACh
- is short

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Neuron 2 in sympathetic division

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- releases NE
- is long

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Synapsing in Sympathetic Division

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occurs in prevertebral chain ganglia or paravertebral collateral ganglia

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Function of the Sympathetic Division

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prepares the body to cope with danger or excitement, the fight or flight division

Front 57

Neuron #1

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preganglionic or presynaptic
myelinated

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Neuron #2

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postganglionic or postsynaptic
nonmyelinated