Audiology Praxis 2

Front 1

What age range is an Individualized Family Service Plan required for?

Back 1

0 to 3 years

Front 2

What does a unilateral weakness (calorics) indicate?

Back 2

A disorder of the labyrinth or the VIIIth nerve on the same side as the weakness... Peripheral not central disorder

Front 3

T/F Sensitivity refers to the accuracy of a hearing screening test at correctly identifying those individuals who actually have a hearing disorder.

Back 3

True

Front 4

What does specificity refer to?

Back 4

How accurately the test identifies those who do not have a hearing loss.

Front 5

Describe validity.

Back 5

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure.

Front 6

In reference to a facial nerve disorder, if the acoustic reflex is present at normal HTLs, the localization is likely distal/proximal to the stapedius branch of the VIIIth nerve?

Back 6

Distal

Front 7

T/F According to PL 99-457, a child under 2 years of age who has a hearing impairment must have a written individualized family service plan.

Back 7

True. This does not specify the type of services to be delivered.

Front 8

If the probe tube is too far from the tympanic membrane, high/low frequency sound waves bounced off the eardrum will dissipate before reaching the probe, but high/low frequency sound waves, which do not dissipate as easily, will be essentially unaffected.

Back 8

High freq will dissipate

Lows don't dissipate as easily.

Front 9

The largest distortion product, and the one recorded in the evaluation of DPOAEs is the _____ _______ tone.

Back 9

Cubic Difference

Front 10

What are causes of the four types of presbycusis (Sensory, neural, strial, cochlear conductive)?

Back 10

Sensory: degeneration of sensory hair cells

Neural: degeneration of auditory neurons

Strial: degeneration of the stria vascularis

Cochlear Conductive: structural changes in the basilar membrane

Front 11

T/F The JCIH statement indicate that ABR is the screening tool to be used in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Back 11

True. OAEs should not be used in the NICU.

Front 12

Which of the following is the lowest point in the central auditory nervous system that receives bilateral representation?

Back 12

Sperior Olive

Front 13

The caloric test is designed to stimulate __________ canal and why?

Back 13

Lateral Semicirular canal, because it is closest to the tympanic membrane, where the stimulus is introduced.

Front 14

______ measure is appropriate for use in measuring client progress in sentence perception using visual cues.

Back 14

Central Institute for the Deaf

Front 15

What does the Denver Scale of Communication Function assess?

Back 15

Hearing handicap and ability to communicate in general.

Front 16

A retrocochlear pathology, such as an acoustic neuroma results in what type of ABR?

Back 16

Prolonged interval between waves I and V.

Front 17

T/F The occlusion effect can affect the measurement of the air conduction threshold at low frequencies.

Back 17

False. It affects BC thresholds at low frequencies.

Front 18

T/F Prematurity affects the stage of myelinization of the auditory nervous system, which does not affect the latencies of evoked potentials.

Back 18

False, it does affect the latencies, therefore gestational age is very important when interpreting ABR wave V latencies.

Front 19

What frequencies are affected during the early stages of Meniere's disease with an increase in the amount of endolymph in the inner ear?

Back 19

Low frequencies, 250-2000 Hz

Front 20

A disadvantage perceived by a person with a hearing loss as imposed by the hearing loss is the definition of a _______ ________.

Back 20

Hearing handicap.

Front 21

According to the plateau method, the true method is reached when the threshold of a test ear remains stable over a range of at least __dB increase in masking intensity.

Back 21

20 dB

Front 22

According to OSHA, a STS on an annual audiogram is defined as a change in hearing threshold relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 dB or more at what frequencies?

Back 22

2000, 3000, and 4000

Front 23

T/F Person-centered counseling involves more volunteering of information than listening to clients.

Back 23

False. It involves more listening to clients than volunteering of information which is more informational counseling.

Front 24

What does rational-emotive counseling involve?

Back 24

Confronting clients about the reasons for their behavior

Front 25

What does psychoanalytical counseling explore?

Back 25

Unconscious feelings and memories

Front 26

The acoustic reflex is mediated at the level of the _______________.

Back 26

Superior olivary complex

Front 27

What does barotrauma result from?

Back 27

Exposure to abnormal atmospheric pressure

Front 28

Deaf and normally hearing children typically babble similarly until what age?

Back 28

6 months

Front 29

T/F Visual fixation always suppresses nystagmus caused by a peripheral lesion, such as a labyrinthine lesion.

Back 29

True

Front 30

T/F The Stenger test can be used for both bilateral and unilateral nonorganic hearing loss.

Back 30

False. Only unilateral nonorganic losses.

Front 31

The annular ligament holds the _______ to the oval window.

Back 31

Stapes.

Front 32

What is the most reliable measure for estimating hearing sensitivity in infants less than 6 months of age?

Back 32

ABR

Front 33

T/F Treatment of acoustic neuroma is in the scope of practice for audiologists.

Back 33

False

Front 34

What type of tinnitus (high or low pitched) is associated with acoustic neuromas?

Back 34

High-pitched

Front 35

Michel-type aplasia, Mondini dysplasia, and Scheibe degeneration are congenital abnormalities of what part of the ear?

Back 35

Inner ear

Front 36

T/F The flexibility (compliance) of the ear canal wall is greater during infancy than later in life, and it varies unpredictably.

Back 36

True

Front 37

What type of validity is defined as the ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure?

Back 37

Content validity

Front 38

T/F A unilateral weakness indicates a disorder of the labyrinth or the VIIIth nerve on the same side of the weakness.

Back 38

True

Front 39

What type of pathologies are associated with loudness recruitment?

Back 39

Cochlear pathologies

Front 40

What type of cochlear disorder is associated with a "cookie bite" audiogram?

Back 40

Metabolic cochlear disorder

Front 41

What is the difference between hearing-aid input and output at a coupler called?

Back 41

Full-on gain

Front 42

List the correct typical hierarchy of phonetic features in order from easiest to most difficult to distinguish by persons with hearing impairments.

Back 42

Voicing, duration, frication, place

Front 43

What formants are most useful in the recognition of vowels?

Back 43

F1 and F2

Front 44

What is a bilateral benign bony growth of the external ear commonly found in persons with a history of cold-water swimming?

Back 44

Exostosis

Front 45

What is an acute bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal?

Back 45

Otitis externa - also known as swimmers ear

Front 46

T/F A caloric interaural difference must be at least 15 percent or even 20 percent to be considered significant.

Back 46

True. Percentage below this would be considered normal caloric response.

Front 47

An individual who continues to react to new stimuli with responses that are carried over from previous tasks exhibits what type of behavior?

Back 47

Perserveration

Front 48

The __________ of language refers to the fact that language is structured so as to provide several cues to each piece of information.

Back 48

Redundancy

Front 49

How is the conductive component calculated?

Back 49

Subtracting the bone-conduction threshold from the air-conduction threshold, because the bone-conduction threshold represents the sensorineural component of the hearing loss.

Front 50

The speech reception threshold correlates best with the air-conduction pure tone average at what frequencies?

Back 50

500, 1000, and 2000

Front 51

T/F Hearing aids should be first used in a challenging listening situation to obtain valuable adjustment information.

Back 51

False. Hearing aids should first be used in the least challenging listening situations since initial experiences with a new hearing aid often determine eventual success.

Front 52

Complete destruction of the auditory radiation of one temporal lobe will result in what type of hearing loss?

Back 52

No significant hearing loss in either ear since the auditory signal passes from the ear to the contralateral auditory pathways before the temporal lobe is reached, signals from both ears will reach the remaining temporal lobe.

Front 53

Bacterial meningitis causes what type of hearing loss?

Back 53

Profound Sensorineural hearing loss

Front 54

T/F A typical elementary school child who has a sharply sloping bilateral sensorineural hearing loss would be able to function more or less normally in most situations.

Back 54

True, because this hearing loss would most likely affect only high frequencies

Front 55

What is the most effective masking signal for pure-tone audiometry?

Back 55

A narrow-band noise with the center frequency equal to the frequency of the test tone

Front 56

T/F According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology - American Council of Otolaryngology, 1979, in reference to binaural hearing handicap, "better-ear sensitivity contributes to binaural audibility by a factor of 2:1".

Back 56

False, the better-ear sensitivity contributes to binaural audibility by a factor of 5:1.

Front 57

What is the most commonly used stimulus for ABR measurements?

Back 57

100 - microsecond clicks, 0.1 millisecond

Front 58

Children with severe-to-profound hearing loss is like to have what type of speech problems?

Back 58

Slow speech rate and poor pitch control, both vowels and consonants are likely to be misarticulated.

Front 59

Speakers with bilateral, prelinguistic, severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss generally demonstrate why type of speech characteristics?

Back 59

Abnormal velopharyngeal closure because this is difficult to sense visually or tactually, so these people are unlikely to have a good sense of when velopharyngeal closure is appropriate. Tend to devoice plosives, stress patterns are less varied, abnormal laryngeal function, slower-than-average speaking rates.

Front 60

The American Standard for Specification of Hearing Aid Characteristics, ANSI S3.22 describes what?

Back 60

Measurement techniques and procedures for measuring electroacoustic characteristics of hearing aids

Front 61

Describe the acoustic reflex pathway.

Back 61

Front 62

In auditory evoked potential testing, electrical responses that occur 4-8 milliseconds after the introduction of the signal are called?

Back 62

Auditory brainstem responses

Front 63

MLR occur __-__ milliseconds after the introduction of the signal.

Back 63

8-50 milliseconds

Front 64

Late evoked responses occur __-__ milliseconds after the introduction of the signal.

Back 64

50-300

Front 65

When do ECochG responses occur?

Back 65

1-5 milliseconds after the introduction of the signal, these are the first to occur

Front 66

What do Apgar scores measure?

Back 66

Heart rate, muscle tone, response to gentle stimulation, respiratory effort, and whether the infant's overall color has a pinkish cast or bluish cast.

Front 67

T/F Anoxia is indicated by insufficient respiration and a bluish cast, both are indicated by the Apgar score.

Back 67

True

Front 68

What happens to high and low frequencies a sound is presented to one side of the head?

Back 68

Low frequencies travel around the head, while high frequencies are baffled and diffract to some extent before reaching the far side, since less of the high-frequency signal is reaching the far side, the intensity will be less on that side than on the near side for high frequencies; low frequencies will be affected to a much smaller degree.

Front 69

The IDEA (Public Law 99-457), enacted in October 1986, amended Public Law 94-142 so as to include provision for special-needs services for what age group?

Back 69

Under age 6

Front 70

According to ASHA's 1989 Guidelines for Screening for Hearing Impairment and Middle Ear Disorders, what test results indicates a need for medical referral?

Back 70

Low static admittance on two successive occurrences in four weeks.

Front 71

T/F Nonspecific central pathology can be determined by a caloric VNG if a bilateral weakness is found.

Back 71

True. A unilateral weakness indicates a peripheral pathology.

Front 72

Incomplete development of the bony and membranous ducts of the inner ear is?

Back 72

Mondini's Dysplasia

Front 73

Describe Michel's aplasia.

Back 73

Total absence of any inner ear structure

Front 74

What is Scheibe's aplasia?

Back 74

Incomplete development of the membranous ducts of the cochlea and saccule.

Front 75

Abnomalities of cochlear duct, especially at the basal turn describes?

Back 75

Alexander's aplasia

Front 76

Most common inner ear aplasia?

Back 76

Scheibe's

Front 77

What muscle opens the eustachian tube during chewing and yawning?

Back 77

Tensor palatini

Front 78

What syndrome is associated with otosclerosis?

Back 78

Van der Hoeve's Syndrome - also characterized by bluish tint to the white of eyes, easily fractured bones, stapedial fixation

Front 79

What is the hearing configuration for Meniere's?

Back 79

Low-frequency rising or flat SNHL

Front 80

How is the fistula test administered?

Back 80

Air is pumped into the ear canal. If there is a fistula, the patient will experience intense vertigo and nystagmus.

Front 81

What would be some test results for auditory neuropathy?

Back 81

SNHL

Abnormal or absent ABR

Normal OAEs

Elevated reflexes

Front 82

What type of presbycusis is this?

Loss of hair cells in organ of corti

HF HL w/steep drop off @ 2kHz

Back 82

Sensory Presbycusis

Front 83

What type of presbycusis is this?

Loss of neural fibers; puretones are not affected until ~90% of neurons are lost

WR is disproportionately worse than suggested by pure tones

Back 83

Neural Presbycusis

Front 84

What type of presbycusis is this?

Atrophy of the stria vascularis (provides nutritional support to labyrinth)

Flat or slightly descending audiogram w/good WR

Back 84

Metabolic Process

Front 85

What type of presbycusis is this?

Under speculation - believed to be caused by thickening of BM (mostly in basal turn)

HF HL

Back 85

Cochlear conductive

Front 86

These types of aminoglycoside antibiotics are primairly vestibulotoxic and can be used in the treatment of Meniere's.

Back 86

Streptomycin

Gentamycin

Front 87

What are the systems involved in balance and motion management?

Back 87

Vestibular

Vision

Proprioceptive/Somatosensory

Front 88

What are the 2 main eye movements generated by the activation of the vestibular system?

Back 88

Nystagmus

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Front 89

How is the nystagmus beating named?

Back 89

Named by which side the beating is faster, slow phase is measured though.

Front 90

What are characteristic symptoms of BPPV?

Back 90

Short duration vertigo (<1 min) with quick head motion

Usually unilateral

Front 91

What are proprietary prescriptive formulas?

Back 91

Company based

Front 92

Provide an example of a universal prescriptive formula.

Back 92

NAL-NL1

Front 93

What are characteristics of "loudness normalization"?

Back 93

Amplify speech sounds so normal inter-freq loudness is maintained

Vowel/consonants - normal intensity difference

- vowels more intense than

consonants

Emphasis on loudness & sound quality

Front 94

What are characteristics of "loudness equalization"?

Back 94

Amplify speech sounds so they are perceived as equally loud

Equalize loudness across freq. bands

- Consonants sound as intense as vowels

Max intelligibility

National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) are based on equalization

Front 95

Linear or Non-Linear?

Gain changes as a function of frequency but NOT as a function of input level.

Back 95

Linear

Front 96

Linear or Non-Linear?

Gain is prescribed by frequency specific & for multiple input levels

-Greater gain at soft, less for moderate and loud sounds

Back 96

Non-Linear

Linear amplification up to the threshold kneepoint

Front 97

What can you do to the compression to help hearing aid wearers perceive speech more clearly if the speech is sounding "choppy"?

Back 97

Use slow-acting compression

Front 98

What universal prescription formula is most popular for pediatric populations?

Back 98

DSL-i/o

- Utilizes the LTASS to match patient's most comfortable level across frequencies

Front 99

Linear or Non-Linear?

NAL-R POGO Libby 1/3 Berger

Half-Gain Rule

Back 99

Linear

Front 100

Linear or Non-Linear?

NAL-NL1/NL2 DSL i/o Fig 6 Viola

Back 100

Non-Linear

Front 101

The Libby horn (bell bore) enhances high or low frequencies?

Back 101

High frequencies

Front 102

T/F Bandwidth is limited by microphone but not receiver response.

Back 102

False. Bandwidth is limited by both microphone and receiver response.