Au Biology 110 Chapter 19

Front 1

hormone

Back 1

Any molecule used as a chemical signal between the cells of a multicellular organism.

Front 2

growth hormone

Back 2

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth.

Front 3

cDNA (complementary DNA)

Back 3

DNA created in the laboratory from an RNA transcript using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. A cDNA corresponds to a gene but lacks introns.

Front 4

cDNA library

Back 4

A set of DNA sequences created by reverse transcription of a set of RNAs from a particular organism or cell type. A cDNA library is often used to identify and study the genes for all the proteins made by that particular organism or cell type.

Front 5

pituitary dwarfism

Back 5

The condition of stunted growth with normal body proportions resulting from a deficiency of growth hormone.

Front 6

reverse transcriptase

Back 6

An enzyme that catalyzes the production of a DNA molecule from an RNA template.

Front 7

DNA polymerase

Back 7

Any of several enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotides.

Front 8

recognition site

Back 8

A specific sequence of bases that can be cut by a restriction endonuclease.

Front 9

plasmid

Back 9

A small, usually circular DNA molecule that contains genes but is physically independent of the main, cellular chromosome.

Front 10

restriction endonuclease

Back 10

A bacterial enzyme that can cut double-stranded DNA at a specific base-pair sequence--the recognition site.

Front 11

DNA ligase

Back 11

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the deoxyribonucleotides synthesized by DNA polymerase.

Front 12

recombinant plasmid

Back 12

A plasmid into which foreign DNA has been inserted.

Front 13

probe

Back 13

A single-stranded fragment of a labeled, known gene that binds to a complementary sequence in the sample being analyzed.

Front 14

sticky end

Back 14

The end of a DNA fragment cut by a restriction endonuclease. The single-stranded bases on one fragment are complementary to the single-stranded bases on the other fragment. As a result, the two ends will tend to pair up and form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Front 15

promoter

Back 15

A short sequence of DNA that facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to enable the transcription of downstream genes.

Front 16

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Back 16

A DNA synthesis reaction that takes place in a laboratory, in which a specific section of DNA is replicated over and over to amplify the number of copies of that sequence.

Front 17

Taq polymerase

Back 17

A heat-stable form of DNA polymerase derived from a bacterium that lives in hot springs.

Front 18

DNA polymerase

Back 18

An enzyme that synthesizes a growing strand of DNA by adding bases that are complementary to a template strand.

Front 19

primer

Back 19

A short, single-stranded sequence of RNA or DNA that enables the start of replication of a DNA sequence that is synthesized from the 3' end of the primer.

Front 20

deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)

Back 20

A monomer that is the essential building block for making a new strand of DNA.

Front 21

nucleotide

Back 21

A monomer that can be polymerized to form DNA or RNA.