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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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operon
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A region of bacterial DNA and regulatory sequences that codes for a series of functionally related genes.
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transcription
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The process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is made from a DNA template.
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lac operon
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The operon in E. coli that includes genes responsible for the metabolism of lactose.
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galactoside permease
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A membrane transport protein responsible for importing lactose into bacterial cells; coded for by the gene lacY.
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repressor
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A regulatory protein that inhibits the transcription of certain genes.
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operator
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A section of DNA in the lac operon that is the binding site for the repressor.
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RNA polymerase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from ribonucleotides, using a DNA template.
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promoter
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A short sequence of DNA that facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to enable the transcription of downstream genes.
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negative control
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A type of gene regulation in which a repressor protein binds to a control sequence in the DNA and prevents transcription.
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inducer
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A molecule that triggers transcription of a specific gene.
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allosteric regulation
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Regulation of gene activity by a change in shape of a large regulatory protein, usually induced by a small molecule.
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master plate
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A plate that contains a complete medium, which allows any mutant cells under investigation to grow.
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replica plating
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A technique in which bacteria from a master plate are stamped onto a replica plate containing a specific medium, thereby enabling investigators to find mutant cells that do not grow in the medium under study.
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replica plate
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A plate that contains only a specific medium under study, on which mutant cells cannot grow.
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catabolite repression
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A type of inhibition of gene transcription in which a gene codes for an enzyme in a catabolic pathway and the end product of that pathway inhibits further transcription of that gene.
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adenylyl cyclase
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An enzyme that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP.
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cyclic AMP (cAMP)
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A regulatory molecule that binds to a catabolite activator protein (CAP), thereby enabling the CAP to bind to a site near the promoter of an operon (the CAP site).
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catabolite activator protein (CAP)
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A protein that binds near the promoter of an operon, facilitating the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter and thereby stimulating transcription.
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positive control
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A type of gene regulation in which an activator protein binds to a control sequence in the DNA and promotes transcription.
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