Atm 3 Basic Navigation

Front 1

North and South distances are measured from what what great circle?

Back 1

Equator

Front 2

What are the two types of great circles?

Back 2

Any two opposing meridians of longitude make a great circle (each meridian is half of a great circle).
Only one parallel of latitude is a great circle, the equator.

Front 3

Parallels of latitude are a series of smaller east-west circles referred to as what?

Back 3

small circles

Front 4

What is the distance North and South of the equator at the North and South pole?

Back 4

90 degrees

Front 5

Longitude lines are used to measure east and west distances from what reference line?

Back 5

Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian

Front 6

180 degrees west is the same meridian as what?

Back 6

180 degrees east

Front 7

The places where meridians and parallels cross are called?

Back 7

Coordinates

Front 8

List 3 reasons coordinates are used for?

Back 8

 In pilot charts and maps
 To describe blocks of airspace
 For airborne navigation systems

Front 9

Parallels and meridians are divided into what?

Back 9

degrees, minutes, and seconds

Front 10

1 degree is equal to what?

Back 10

60 mins (1 hr)

Front 11

What do you state first in terms of coordinates?

Back 11

latitude before longitude

Front 12

What is used for measuring degrees of latitude north and south of the equator?

Back 12

Parallels of latitude

Front 13

What is used for measuring degrees east and west of the Prime Meridian?

Back 13

Meridians of Longitude

Front 14

In the United States, how is latitude/longitude read?

Back 14

from bottom to top, right to left.

Front 15

T/F One minute of longitude along the equator is equal to 1 nautical mile.

Back 15

True

Front 16

T/F 1 minute of latitude is equal to 1 nautical mile (measured along a line of longitude)?

Back 16

True

Front 17

T/F 1 minute of longitude (measured along a line of latitude) is not equal to 1NM except along the equator.

Back 17

True

Front 18

What is the shortest distance between two points on a sphere?

Back 18

a great circle route

Front 19

What is most direct route over the earth’s surface
 Saves time and fuel
 Crosses every meridian at a different angle (constantly changing true direction)

Back 19

a great circle route

Front 20

a line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude, and is longer than a great circle route.

Back 20

a rhumb line

Front 21

Requires more time and fuel because of the greater distance traveled
Is easier to navigate because its direction remains constant

Back 21

a rhumb line

Front 22

T/F A great circle route adjusts to the curvature of the earth; the rhumb line does not.

Back 22

True

Front 23

1 NM is equal to:

Back 23

6,080ft
1.15 SM
1 minute of latitude

Front 24

1 SM is equal to:

Back 24

5,280ft
0.87 NM

Front 25

1 Knot (KT) is equal to:

Back 25

1 NM per hour

Front 26

T/F NMs and KTS are universal in air traffic control.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is known as what and based off which location?

Back 27

Zulu time
Greenwich, England

Front 28

T/F UTC is sed by the FAA for all operations; however, VFR pilots may use local time

Back 28

True

Front 29

Time in each 24 standard zones is called what?

Back 29

LST/DST Local Standard Time/ Daylight Savings Time

Front 30

What are the four standard time zones in the US?

Back 30

Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific

Front 31

To convert LST to UTC you must:

Back 31

Convert LST to 24-hour clock and add hours (minus one hour if DST)

Front 32

To convert UTC to LST you must:

Back 32

Subtract hours (add one hour if DST)

Front 33

What are the four types of speeds used in aviation?

Back 33

IAS, TAS, GS, MACH

Front 34

Speed used in pilot/controller communications and is shown on the aircrafts airspeed instrument

Back 34

Indicated Airspeed

Front 35

Speed relative to undisturbed airmass used for flight planning/ en route portion

Back 35

True Airspeed

Front 36

The speed relative to the surface of the earth is true airspeed corrected for the effects of wind

Back 36

Ground Speed

Front 37

ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound

Back 37

Mach number

Front 38

Time, Distance, Speed Formula

Back 38

Distance = Ground Speed times Time

Front 39

T/F Wind effects ground speed (headwind, tailwind) but does not affect true airspeed

Back 39

True

Front 40

_______ represents the intended path of the aircraft over the earth’s surface

Back 40

True Course

Front 41

______ is the actual path that the aircraft has flown over the earth’s surface.

Back 41

Track

Front 42

________is what any free object will do as the air moves downwind with the speed of the wind.

Back 42

drift angle

Front 43

T/F In one hour, an aircraft drifts downwind an amount equal to wind speed.

Back 43

True

Front 44

What is the True Heading (TH) formula?

Back 44

True Heading (TH) is True Course (TC) corrected for wind
(TC + WCA = TH).

Front 45

When is it the controller’s responsibility to compensate for wind speed and direction?

Back 45

 Formulating estimates
 Issuing radar vectors

Front 46

For a constant true airspeed, the indicated airspeed ______ with increases in _____ and _______

Back 46

increases
altitude
temperature

Front 47

_____ is the angular difference between true north and magnetic north.

Back 47

Variation

Front 48

_____lines connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north.

Back 48

Isogonic

Front 49

______line connects points of zero variation. (There is only one)

Back 49

Agonic

Front 50

What is the formula for Magnetic Heading (MH)?

Back 50

Magnetic Heading (MH) is True Heading (TH) corrected for variation
(TH + VAR = MH).

Front 51

What is the formula for Compass Heading (CH)?

Back 51

TC + WCA = TH + VAR = MH + DEV = CH

Front 52

The error of a magnetic compass due to magnetic influence in the structure and equipment of the aircraft

Back 52

Deviation

Front 53

navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, and speed, groundspeed, and elapsed time.

Back 53

Dead Reckoning

Front 54

the basic method of navigation used for flying a predetermined course taking into account the effects of wind on track and ground speed

Back 54

Dead Reckoning

Front 55

the determination of position by identification of landmarks from their representation on a chart

Back 55

Pilotage

Front 56

a method of determining and maintaining a desired course or determining an aircraft’s position by use of radio navigation aids on the ground

Back 56

Radio Navigation

Front 57

 Requirements for radio navigation include:


Back 57

 Requirements for radio navigation include:
 Ground-based transmitters
 Appropriate navigation receivers in the aircraft
 Receivers and instrument displays in aircraft
 Charts and publications
 Additional pilot training

Front 58

A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground- or space-based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self contained aids, or a combination of these.

Back 58

RNAV (Area Navigation)