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Blood volume in children

8-9% of body weight


70-80 ml/kg

Blood volume in adult

7%

Differentiate shock classes

I - <15% all normal. BE 0 to -2.


II - 15-30% Narrow PP. BE -2 to -6


III - 30-40% Above + reduced urine/reduced GCS. BE -6 to -10


IV - obvious features. BE <-10

Indication of thoracotomy

Repeated need for transfusion


Massive hemothorax >1500ml


If <1500ml, ongoing 200ml/hr for 2-4hrs