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298 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What Level 1 Awards can be achieved on the course?
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EAL Lvl 1 Award in Introductory Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding skills
EAL Lvl 1 Award in Introductory Oxyacetylene (OA) Welding skills |
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What Level 2 Awards can be achieved on the course?
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EAL Level 2 NVQ Diploma in Fabrication and Welding Engineering
EAL Level 2 NVQ Certificate in Positional Welding |
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What Level 3 Awards can be achieved on the course?
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EAL Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Fabrication and Welding Engineering Technology
EAL Level 3 NVQ Extended Diploma in Fabrication and Welding (knowledge components only) |
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What Coding Qualification can be achieved on the course?
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Craftsman Welder
International European Plate or Fillet Welder |
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What does WPS stand for?
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Welding Procedure Specifications
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What doe FPC stand for?
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Factory Production Control
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How does the addition of NICKEL change the properties of steel?
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Increases - Toughness and Corrosion Resistance
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How does the addition of MANGANESE change the properties of steel?
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Increases Toughness and Hardness
Used for components subject to wear and abrasion Surface hardens with wear/cold working while core retains it's toughness |
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How does the addition of CHROMIUM change the properties of steel?
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Increases - Hardness and Corrosion Resistance
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How does the addition of COBALT change the properties of steel?
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Reduces Hardness
Increases Tensile Strength at high temperatures |
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How does the addition of MOLYBDENUM change the properties of steel?
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Increases Toughness and Hardness
Increases Creep Resistance, especially at high temperatures Increases Corrosion Resistance in stainless steels |
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How does the addition of VANADIUM change the properties of steel?
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Increases Hardness
Increases Creep Resistance, especially at high temperatures Increases Corrosion Resistance |
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What is Induction Heating?
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A coil or cable that conducts an alternating electrical current. This creates a magnetic field in the material within it, and thus heat due to the material's resistance
There is more heat in the material than in the coil or cable Has many uses including Soldering, Brazing, Surface Hardening, Tempering, Bonding & Melting When used to Braze or Solder, the material is pre-flxed and has the filler in place before heating |
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Describe Furnace Brazing/Soldering
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Components are pre-assembled, fluxed and have filler material added, then passed through/ loaded into a furnace with a reducing atmosphere
Furnace Brazing is the most common brazing method in manufacturing |
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Describe Borax
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Fluxes in brazing are based on borax
Also known as Sodium Borate A mineral that converts water (H2O) into hydrogen (H) when heated, preventing oxidization Mixed with ammonium chloride for brazing steel |
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How are weld sizes indicated?
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Throat Thickness - represented by the letter 'a'
Leg Length - represented by the letter 'z' Deep Penetration Throat Thickness - represented by the letter 's' |
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Which process does the numerical representation 111 represent?
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MMA with covered electrode
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Which process does the numerical representation 131 represent?
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MIG welding
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Which process does the numerical representation 135 represent?
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MAG welding
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Which process does the numerical representation 31 represent?
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Oxy-fuel gas welding
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Which process does the numerical representation 311 represent?
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Oxy-Acetylene welding
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Which process does the numerical representation 97 represent?
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Braze welding
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Which process does the numerical representation 91 represent?
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Brazing
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Which process does the numerical representation 141 represent?
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TIG welding
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What graphical representations are used in Engineering?
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Mnemonic - SPACE SCOPE
Sketching Production drawings Assembly Drawings Circuit wiring diagrams Exterior assembly drawings Sectional view Conventional representation Orthographic projection Pictorial projection Exploded pictorial |
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Describe a Conventional representation
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A drawing of a item or component that cuts out unnecessary detail
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Describe a Pictorial projection
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An isometric or oblique drawing showing multiple planes
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Describe a Circuit wiring diagrams
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A simplified diagram of electrical circuits
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Describe a Exploded pictorial
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A drawing where all parts are shown separately on one or more axis
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Describe an Exterior assembly drawing
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A drawing that shows the item with all parts assembled and viewed from the outside
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Describe a Sectional view
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A drawing that shows hidden elements
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Describe an Assembly Drawing
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A drawing that shows how parts fit together
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Describe a Production drawing
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A drawing that shows details or single components
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Describe an Orthographic projection
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A drawing that shows front, plan and end views
First angle perspective or Third angle perspective |
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Describe 'Deflection'
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The ability to withstand a load without flexing out of shape permanently
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Describe 'Toughness'
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The ability to withstand the impact of a blow
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Describe 'Hardness'
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The ability to withstand wear, indentation or scratching
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Describe 'Conductivity'
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The ability to pass heat or electricity through it
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Describe 'Dielectric Strength'
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The ability to insulate from electricity
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Describe 'Creep'
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The tendency to deform under stress over time
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Describe 'Metal Fatigue'
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Caused by repeated loading to the materials elastic limits
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Describe 'Tensile Strength'
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The ability to withstand being pulled apart or stretching
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Describe 'Elesticity'
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The ability to return back to it's original shape
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Describe 'Ductility'
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The property that allows material to be drawn into wire or tube
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Describe 'Malleability'
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The ability to be formed or bent into shape without fracture or failure
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Describe 'Brittleness'
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The tendency to fracture without bending or changing shape
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Describe 'Shear Strength'
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The ability to withstand offset loads
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Describe 'Compressive Strength'
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The ability to withstand squashing forces
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What is the melting point for soft solder?
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approximately 180º c - 250º c
Higher melting point comes from higher lead content 60% tin, 40% lead - 183º c 50% tin, 50% lead - 183º c - 212º c 30% tin, 70% lead - 243º c |
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In soldering - how do you 'tin the bit'
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Heat the iron to approximately 50º c above solder melting point
Mechanically clean (file) Chemically clean (flux) Apply solder to spread over the tip |
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What are the purposes of an MMA electrode?
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Produce a gaseous shield
Increase arc temperature Give good arc transfer and stability Control reactions during welding Produce slag which retards the cooling rate and protects the weld from atmospheric contamination |
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Selection of the type of MMA electrode depends on what?
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Parent metal
Depositing correct cross sectional weld size Type of current Service requirements e.g. strength or wear resistance Joint specification requirements Enabling the operator to gain access to the root of the weld Welding position |
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What are the main types of MMA electrode flux coatings?
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Class (C) - Cellulosic
Class (B) - Basic Class (R) - Rutile Class (RR) - Heavy Rutile |
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 2mm diameter electrode?
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40 - 60 amps
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 2.5mm diameter electrode?
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60 - 90 amps
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 3.2mm diameter electrode?
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90 - 130 amps
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 4mm diameter electrode?
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120 - 180 amps
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 5mm diameter electrode?
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150 - 220 amps
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What is the typical MMA current setting when using 6mm diameter electrode?
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220 - 320 amps
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What are added to brazing filler materials and why?
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Silver - Improves fluidity and strength
Silicon - Acts as a de-oxidizer Nickel - Improves strength Manganese - Improves strength |
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Describe 'Ohm's Law'
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V = I x R (voltage = current x resistance)
or I = V/ R (current = voltage / resistance) or R= V/I (resistance = voltage / current) Resistance is measured in Ohms |
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Describe the formula for calculating electrical power
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P = V x I (power = voltage x current)
or V + P / I (voltage + power / current) or I = P / V (current = power / voltage) |
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What type of file is this?
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Flat File
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What type of files are these?
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Warding Files
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What type of file is this?
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Hand File
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What type of file is this?
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Pillar File
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What type of file is this?
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Square File
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What type of file is this?
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Round File
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What type of file is this?
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Half Round File
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What type of file is this?
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Three Square File (triangular file)
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A good brazing flux should have what qualities?
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Relatively low viscosity, to form a liquid film over the metal
Prevents atmospheric contamination Dissolves any oxide film on base metal or filler Capable of being displaced by molten filler metal |
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What do fluxes contain that are suitable for brazing aluminium?
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Alkaline chlorides
Fluorides |
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What do fluxes contain that are suitable for brazing manganese?
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Alkaline chlorides
Fluorides |
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What do fluxes contain that are suitable for brazing silver?
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Boric acid, potassium borates, fluorides
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What do fluxes contain that are suitable for brazing high temperature/tensile ferrous metals?
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Boric acid, alkaline borates
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What do fluxes contain that are suitable for brazing iron and steel?
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Borax, ammonium chloride
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Within the UK what welding standards are most adopted?
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BS 4872 - Mild steel 6-12mm flat/horizontal/vertical
EN 287 - Pipe welding ASME IX - Supervision, approval, testing |
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What is the difference between an element, a molecule and a compound?
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Elements are the different types of atoms (copper, hydrogen etc.)
Molecules consist of atoms made from a single chemical element (oxygen O2 etc.) Compounds consist of atoms made from different elements (Water H2O etc.) |
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International System for Units
How is length measured? |
Metres - m
1m = 3.28 ft 1 ft = 0.30m |
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International System for Units
How is area measured? |
Meters squared - m²
1m² = 10.76 ft² 1ft² = 0.09m² |
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International System for Units
How is volume measured? |
Meters cubes - m³
1m³ = 35.31ft³ 1ft³ = 0.028m³ |
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International System for Units
How is mass measured? |
Kilograms - kg
1kg = 0.157 stone 1 stone = 6.35 kg |
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International System for Units
How is time measured? |
Seconds - s
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International System for Units
How is temperature measured? |
Kelvins - k
ºk = ºc + 273.15 ºc = kº -273.15k so 10ºc = 283.15ºk |
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International System for Units
How is energy or heat measured? |
Joules - J
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International System for Units
How is force measured? |
Newtons - N
1N = 0.1kg of force 1kg of force = 9.8N |
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International System for Units
How is pressure measured? |
Pascale - Pa
1 Pascal = 0.000145 PSI 1 PSI = 6,894 Pascal |
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International System for Units
How is electrical resistance measured? |
Ohms - Ω
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International System for Units
How is electrical frequency measured? |
Hertz - Hz
1Hz = 1 cycle/s |
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International System for Units
How is electrical current measured? |
Amperes (Amps) - A
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International System for Units
How is electrical potential measured? |
Volts - V
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International System for Units
How is electrical power measured? |
Watts - W
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What is the term for when a length of material expands due to it's temperature being raise by 1º
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Coefficient of linear expansion
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What is the temperature range for brazing and silver soldering?
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625ºc (dull red on steel) - 875ºc (orange on steel)
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What residue is left after brazing or hard soldering with borax?
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A hard scale of copper borate
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How can heat distortion be controlled?
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Reduce the amount of welded joints
Reduce the amount of weld - stitch joints Use correct cross- sectional weld sizes for the strength required Use smallest suitable angle of preparation (U rather than V, double U rather than single U) Use MIG or MAG Balance heat during welding Increase welding speed Preset component to an angle which allows for distortion Restrain components with clamps (can increase residual stress) Restrain components with welded supports (can increase residual stress) Tack Weld Use Chills - strips of metal that conduct heat away Welding sequencing Pre-heat the structure to 150ºc - 200ºc |
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Describe Dead Mild Steel
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Contains 0.05% - 0.15% carbon
Very ductile |
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Describe Mild Steel
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Contains 0.3% carbon
General purpose steel |
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Describe Medium Steel
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Contains 0.3% - 0.8% carbon
Brittle but capable of being hardened through heat treatment |
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Describe High Carbon Steel
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Contains 0.8% - 1.5% carbon
Very brittle but very hard wearing when heat treated Also called tool steel |
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Describe Cast Iron
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Contains 1.7% carbon
Dampens vibration Easily fractured High compressive strength but low tensile strength |
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Describe Alloy Steel
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Carbon steels that contain additional elements
Example: For bicycle frames alloy contains 10% chromium and 4% molybdenum, increasing tensile strength and stiffness |
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How can proficiency in welding be demonstrated?
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Time served apprenticeships
Government training schemes Private training schemes Short courses on oa particular process or equipment Codings |
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What is at the centre of an atom and what does it consist of?
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Nucleus, which consists of protons and neutrons
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What surrounds a nucleus?
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Electrons
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Identify the welding position PA
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Flat position
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Identify the welding position PB
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Horizontal Vertical position
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Identify the welding position PC
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Horizontal position
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Identify the welding position PD
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Horizontal Overhead position
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Identify the welding position PE
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Overhead position
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Identify the welding position PF
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Vertical Upwards position
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Identify the welding position PG
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Vertical Downwards position
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What is a tang?
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the pointed end of a file which is inside the handle
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How can heat distortion be corrected mechanically?
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Large sections with a press
Small parts with hammering, drifting or jacking Sheet metal with planishing |
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How can heat distortion be corrected using heat?
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Heat uniformly to 650ºc then cooling normally
Heating the opposing side of the weld (bright red heat should not be exceeded) Heat small areas one at a time (bright red heat should not be exceeded) |
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Describe reciprocating motion
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Moves up and down, or back and forth (e.g. a piston)
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Describe rotary motion
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Turns in a circle (e.g. a wheel)
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Describe linear motion
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Moves in a straight line (e.g. a trimmer)
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Describe oscillating motion
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Moves in a swinging motion (e.g. a pendulum)
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What is an autogenous weld?
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One where all of the weld metal has come from the parent metal - no filler material is used.
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What are the advantages of brazing/hard soldering?
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Wide range of applications
Low temperature vs fusion processes Low distortion due to low heat Flexible and shock loading (good for bicycle frames) When using phosphorous copper, no flux is required Fast deposition rates Can be reheated to allow for adjustments Can be used to join dissimilar metals Good tensile strength |
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What type of chisel is this?
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Flat chisel
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What type of chisel is this?
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Cross cut chisel
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What type of chisel is this?
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Diamond point chisel
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What type of chisel is this?
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Half round chisel
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Describe annealing of aluminium
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Annealing is a softening process
The aluminium is heated to 550ºc then quenched Aluminium with less than 6% copper will remain malleable unless work hardened Aluminium with more than 6% copper will harden after 2 hrs, longer if refrigerated at -20ºc the annealed aluminium can be left to 'natural age hardening' or artificially hardened by heating to 130ºc - 200ºc |
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Describe strain hardening of aluminium
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The material is cold rolled. The metal's grain is elongated, reducing malleability and increasing tensile strength.
A letter 'H' and figures indicate how much strain hardening from soft, quarter hard, half hard, three quarter hard to hard Also called work hardening or cold working |
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Describe 1000 series Aluminium
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Pure aluminium
Soft Highly workable Good conductivity Good corrosion resistance Cannot be heat treated |
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Describe 2000 series Aluminium
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Contains copper
Good strength Used for machine parts |
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Describe 3000 series Aluminium
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Contains small amounts of other metals
Cannot be heat treated |
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Describe 4000 series Aluminium
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Contains silicon
High castability High strength Good corrosion resistance |
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Describe 5000 series Aluminium
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Contains copper and magnesium
Relatively soft but quickly work hardened High tensile strength Corrosion resistant Weldable Can be heat treated Used for ship building |
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Describe 6000 series Aluminium
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Contains magnesium and silicon
High strength Corrosion resistant Can be work hardened Easily welded Suitable for anodising |
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Describe 7000 series Aluminium
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Contains zinc
Brittle High strength High rigidity Weldable Can be heat treated |
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Identify different arc welding processes
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Atomic Hydrogen welding
Electro-slag welding Firecracker welding Flux cored arc welding - FCAW Flux cored metal arc with non inert gas shield Gravity arc welding with covered electrode MAG - metal active gas shielded welding MIG - metal inert gas shielded welding Magnetically impelled arc butt welding MMA - manual metal arc with covered electrode Plasma arc welding TAG - tungsten active gas shielded welding TIG - tungsten inert gas shielded welding Submerged arc welding wire and strip |
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Identify different solid phase welding processes
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Cold welding
Diffusion welding Explosive welding Forge welding Friction welding Friction stir welding Ultrasonic welding |
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What kind of drawing cuts out unnecessary detail?
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Conventional representation
Also referred to as 'convention' |
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Which standards cover welding symbols?
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BS EN 22553 welded, brazed and soldered joints - symbolic representation on drawings
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On an engineering drawing, what is an auxiliary view?
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Any view not projected onto one of the principle planes
They are drawn to show the true features of an inclined surface, which usually appear shorter |
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Name the different types of heat distortion from welding
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Angular
Longitudinal Transverse |
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for part outlines?
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A heavy line
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for section lines?
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A light line
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for hidden lines?
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A medium strength dashed line
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for centre lines?
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A light line broken with a small dash
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for dimension and extension lines?
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Light lines (with arrows)
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for a cutting plane?
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A heavy line broken by two short dashes
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In engineering drawings, what type of line is used for break lines?
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A heavy jagged line
OR A light line with zig-zags |
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What axis are used for isometric projections
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30º / 90º / 30º
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What axis are used for oblique projections
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90º / 30º or 45º
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Describe silver solder
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Tin / zinc / silver alloy
Good fluidity and strength Melting point 620ºc - 855ºc Often supplied in flat strips referred to as 'spelter' |
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What kind of voltage establishes an arc?
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Open circuit voltage - OCV
Up to a maximum of 80V After the arc is established volts drop to around 20V (depending on settings) A voltage reduction device (VRD) is used to limit OCV and ensure a maximum of 80v for safety |
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How can flux residue be removed?
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Scrub with 5% nitric acid solution
Soak in hot soapy water |
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How should fluxes be stored?
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In a circulated or wooden slatted cupboard to allow warm air to circulate
With a moisture absorbant - silica gel crystals when it is not possible to store somewhere warm |
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How does the addition of phosphorous affect copper brazing rods
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The rod becomes self-fluxing
Essential for hard soldering of refrigeration pipework, where the presence of flux would lead to contamination and corrosion Phosphor rods are unsuitable for brazing dissimilar metals |
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What is the temperature range for borax or fluoroborate fluxes?
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Above 750ºc
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What is the temperature range for fluoride fluxes?
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Below 750ºc
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What is the temperature range for alkali halide fluxes?
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Below 580ºc
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Shielding gas is usually made up from what gases?
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Argon
Carbon Dioxide - CO2 Helium Oxygen |
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Describe Cartridge Brass
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70% Copper, 30% Zinc
Can be formed and drawn |
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Describe Admiralty Brass
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70% Copper, 29% Zinc, 1% Tin
Can be formed and drawn Has improved salt water resistance |
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Describe Free Cutting Brass
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58% Copper, 39% Zinc, 3% Lead
Not suitable for cold working Machinable Used for thread cutting |
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Describe Bronze
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Copper with 2%, 10% Tin
Suitable for casting |
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Describe Gun Metal
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88% Copper, 10% Tin, 2% Zinc
Bronze alloy Also called free cutting bronze Good for machining |
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Describe Phosphor Bronze
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89% Copper, 10% Tin, 0.25% Phosphorous
Improved fluidity when cast Used for machine bearings and marine fittings |
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Describe Martensitic Stainless Steel
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Contains 86% Iron, 12-18% Chromium, up to 1.2% Carbon, 0.5% Nickel
Can be hardened Unsuitable for welding Used for chef's knives, hard wearing shafts and spindles |
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Describe Ferritic Stainless Steel
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Contains 76% Iron, 16-30% Chromium, 1-2% Carbon, 1% Nickel
Tough and ductile Cannot be heat treated Unsuitable for welding Good corrosion resistance at high temperatures Used for furnace parts |
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Describe Austenitic Stainless Steel
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Contains around 86% Iron, 18% Chromium, 8% Nickel, up to 0.15% Carbon
Comes in a range of alloys with different properties Most commonly used Malleable Non magnetic Weldable |
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Describe Duplex Stainless Steel
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Contains around 61% Iron, 21% Chromium, 9% Nickel, 2% Magnesium, 3.5% Molybdenum
High Strength High Corrosion Resistance Called Duplex because structure consists of 50% ferrite and 50% austenite |
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Describe 'other' welding processes
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Arc stud welding
Electro-gas welding Electron beam welding Induction welding Infra-red welding Laser welding Stud welding Thermit welding |
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Identify different braze welding processes
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Gas braze welding
Arc braze welding |
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Identify different soldering processes
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Mnemonic - D FISH VS D FURS
Dip soldering Furnace soldering Induction soldering Soft soldering Hard soldering Vacuum soldering Silver soldering Diffusion soldering Friction soldering Ultrasonic soldering Resistance soldering Salt bath soldering |
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What is the melting point of soft solder?
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180ºc - 250ºc
Depending on the ratio of tin to lead |
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What is the temperature of a plasma arc?
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10,000ºc - 20,000ºc
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What is a rectifier?
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An electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)
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What is a solenoid?
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An electromagnet
Made from a soft iron shaft with insulated wire coiled around it When a current is passed through the wire the solenoid becomes magnetic The more wire coiled, the greater the magnetism created Clockwise wire direction is north polarity - negative Anti-clockwise wire direction is south polarity - positive |
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Describe an AC/DC inverter
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Silicon controlled rectifiers convert and reduce current
Power semiconductor unit inverts current back to AC at a higher frequency - 5,000-10,000 Hz Has a solid ferritic core transformer Up to 75% lighter and smaller than conventional power sources Experiences much less power loss, which increases duty cycle Improves arc and penetration Synergic pulse allows welding of thinner material with no spatter Can be used for AC or DC MMA, MIG/MAG, TIG and resistance welding |
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Describe a DC welder generator
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Powered by petrol or diesel
Used mainly onsite, where power is dangerous or unavailable Uses lower voltage, 20V - 40V Safer to use, especially outdoors Needs more maintenance due to moving parts Can cause the weld pool to pull to one side (arc blow) due to the magnetic current |
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Describe an AC transformer
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A welding power unit that steps down the current from either 240V or 400V mains supply to 80V
Current flow is OCV - open current voltage Can be fan cooled or oil cooled Little voltage drop along cables, allowing the operator t weld further away from the power source Suitable for MMA and resistance welding |
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What are a computer processor's speed measured in?
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MHz - Megahertz
Faster processor means quicker response |
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What are the three most common colour coded plugs and sockets?
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Yellow 100V - 130V
Blue 200V - 250V Red 380V - 480V |
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In engineering drawings, what do these abbreviations represent?
A/C A/F HEX HD ASSY CRS |
A/C - Across corners
A/F - Across face HEX HD - Hexagon head ASSY - Assembly CRS - Centres |
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In engineering drawings, what do these abbreviations represent?
CL CHAM CH HD CSK C'BORE |
CL - Centre line
CHAM - Chamfered CH HD - Cheese head (machine screw) CSK - Countersunk C'BORE - Counterboure |
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In engineering drawings, what do these abbreviations represent?
CYL DIA Ø R DRG |
CYL - Cylinder or cylindrical
DIA - Diameter Ø - Diameter (preceding a dimension) R - Radius (preceding a dimension) DRG - Drawing |
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In engineering drawings, what do these abbreviations represent?
FIG LH LG MATL NO. |
FIG - Figure
LH - Left hand LG - Long MATL - Material NO. - Number |
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Identify International standards organizations
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers - ASME
American Welding Society - AWS American Petroleum Institute - API British Standards - BS Canadian Standards Association - CSA European Committee for Standardization - CEN German Institute for Standardization - DIN International Organization for Standardization - ISO |
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Describe an AC/DC transformer rectifier
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Steps down the voltage
Increases the current Converts AC current to DC current Can be used for a variety of processes including MMA, MIG/MAG and TIG |
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Identify different resistance welding processes
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Flash butt welding
Resistance butt welding Resistance stud welding Projection welding Seam welding Seam welding with strip Spot welding |
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Engineering drawings usually contain what information?
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Name of draughtsman
Date of issue Scale Projection Material composition Surface finish Dimensions and tolerances |
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What is an elastomer?
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An elastic polymer, such as rubber
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Describe natural rubber
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Highly elastic
Excellent vibration absorption Good creep resistance ideal for tyres |
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Describe Ethylene-propylene
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Synthetic rubber
Known as EPM Chemically inert Good electrical insulation Resistant to cracking from age Ideal for insulating power leads |
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How much carbon does steel need to contain for it to be heat treatable?
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0.3% or more
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How does heat treatment change the crystalline structure of metal?
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Structure changes from body centre cubic (ferrite) to face centre cubic (austenite)
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What are the three main groups of adhesives?
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Solvent based - air drying, natural and synthetic
Thermoplastic - temperature setting, liquifies on warming, solidifies when cooled Chemical setting - relies on chemical reaction for curing, very strong, used for structural applications |
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What was the first synthetic resin adhesive developed?
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Phenol formaldehyde
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Fluxes suitable for soldering carbon steel, brass, copper or tin contain what?
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Zinc chloride
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Fluxes suitable for tinning the soldering bit contain what?
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Ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac)
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Fluxes suitable for soldering zinc or galvanised steel contain what?
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Hydrochloric acid
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Fluxes suitable for soldering copper plated stainless steel contain what?
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Phosphoric acid
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What power control characteristics are used for MMA and TIG welding?
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Constant current (drooping characteristics) -
As the length of the arc increases, the voltage increases to ensure the arc is maintained, but the current remains largely unchanged |
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What power control characteristics are used for MIG/MAG welding?
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Constant voltage (flat characteristic, constant potential) -
As the arc gets shorter, the current increases ensuring the same burn rate Most MIG/MAG welders have the current balanced with the wire feed speed, but some allow for manual adjustment |
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How do you position components in a third angle projection?
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Plan (top) view at the top
Front view on the bottom (underneath the plan view) Left end view on bottom left Left right view on bottom right |
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How do you position components in a first angle projection?
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Front view on the top
Plan (top) view at the bottom (underneath the front view) Left end view on top right Right right view on top left |
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What is hard soldering?
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A brazing process where the filler material will not melt below 500ºc
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How can the weight of an object be calculated?
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Volume x mass
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What are the corrosive fluxes used in soldering?
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Zinc chloride - used for carbon steel, brass, copper and tin plate
Ammonium chloride - used for cleaning the bit before tinning Hydrochloric acid - used for zinc an galvanised steel Phosphoric acid - used for copper plated stainless steel |
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What are the non-crrosive fluxes used in soldering?
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Natural resin - used for electrical components
Tallow - used for lead sheet and pipes |
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What is the name given to two or more forms that share the same axis?
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Coaxial
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A PC power supply transforms mains voltage to?
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5V or 12V
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What connects everything on a PC?
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Motherboard
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In engineering, what is the name for the line or part that all measurements are taken from?
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Datum reference
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What is the conventional way of drawing components?
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Orthographic projection
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What materials are spanners made from?
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High carbon steel
Alloy steel containing chromium and vanadium Beryllium bronze (non-sparking) |
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What qualities make a good filler alloy for brazing?
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Achieve good bonding
Capable of good capillary action Melts at the right temperature Good resistance to corrosion Sufficient strength for the joint Compatible with the parent material |
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Identify different brazing processes
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Brazing
Diffusion brazing Dip brazing Flame brazing Friction brazing Furnace brazing Induction brazing Infrared brazing Resistance brazing Salt bath brazing Ultrasonic brazing Vacuum brazing |
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What does LPG stand for?
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Liquid petroleum gas
Also called propane or butane, which make up LPG in varying ratios |
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Describe thermoplastics
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Also known as thermo-softening plastic
Softens when heated then re-hardens upon cooling |
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Describe thermosetting plastic
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Irreversibly cures through heating or chemical reaction (e.g. two part epoxy).
Once hardened they cannot return to a liquid or softened state |
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What converts computer signals into forms that can be sent/received via telephone lines?
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Modem
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What determines the speed data can be read and written on a computer?
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RAM - Random access memory
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What is printing on both sides called?
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Duplexing
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What is cache memory?
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a small amount of very fast memory on a processor
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Describe the screw thread form BSW
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British Standard Whitworth
Vee form 55º angle Rounded at root and crest |
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Describe the screw thread form BSF
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British Standard Fine
Vee form 55º angle Rounded at root and crest Finer pitches available than BSW |
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Describe the screw thread form BA
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British Association
Vee form 47.5º angle Rounded at root and crest For <6mm diameter |
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Describe the screw thread form BSP
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British Standard Pipe
For pipe threading and fittings Vee form 55º angle Rounded at root and crest Greater TPI giving a finer thread Tapered thread available for high pressure fittings |
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Describe the screw thread forms UTS
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Unified thread standard
Used in the US and Canada Vee form 60º angle Rounded at root and crest but nut is rounded at root only Includes UNF for fine threads Includes UNEF for extra fine threads Includes UNC for coarse threads |
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When using a hacksaw, what is the minimum number of teeth that should be in contact with the material at any time?
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Three
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How many teeth per inch should your hacksaw have for cutting thin sheet and tubes up to 3mm thick?
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32 tpi
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How many teeth per inch should your hacksaw have for cutting sheet and tubes between 3-6mm thick?
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24
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How many teeth per inch should your hacksaw have for cutting heavy sections between 6-13mm thick?
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18
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How many teeth per inch should your hacksaw have for cutting soft materials or heavy section 13mm or more thick?
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14
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Identify this spanner
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Open ended spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Ring Spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Offset ring spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Split ring spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Combination spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Adjustable Spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Podger Spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Box spanner
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Identify this spanner
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Socket spanner
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What is a drift?
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A pin or rod used for aligning holes, like on a podger spanner
A pin or rod used as a punch |
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What is this?
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Barrel drift
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What is this?
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Parallel drift punch
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What is this?
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Tapered drift
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Name different types of rivets
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What type of hammer is this?
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Ball pein hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Cross pein hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Planishing hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Stretching hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Creasing hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Hollowing and raising hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Riveting hammer
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What type of hammer is this?
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Round faced mallet
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What type of hammer is this?
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Bossing or pear shaped mallet
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|
Identify different types of bolts
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Machine screws
Hex headed bolts Black bolts (mild steel) Turned barrel bolts (higher stresses) High strength friction grip bolts (high tensile steel) |
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What is this?
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Rivet nut
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What is this?
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Hank Rivet Bush
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does Patt No. stand for? |
Pattern number
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does PCD stand for? |
Pitch circle diameter
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does I/D stand for? |
Internal diameter
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does O/D stand for? |
Outside diameter
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does RH stand for? |
Right hand
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does RD HD stand for? |
Round head
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does SCR stand for? |
Screwed
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does SPEC stand for? |
Specification
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does S'FACE stand for? |
Spotface
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does STD stand for? |
Standard
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does U'CUT stand for? |
Undercut
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does M/CD stand for? |
Machined
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does NTS stand for? |
Not to scale
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does RPM stand for? |
Revolutions per minute
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does SWG stand for? |
Standard wire gauge
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Engineering Abbreviations -
What does TPI stand for? |
Threads per inch
or Teeth per inch |
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does BIOS stand for? |
Basic input / output system
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does RAM stand for? |
Random access memory
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does ROM stand for? |
Read only memory
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does CPU stand for? |
Central processing unit
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does USB stand for? |
Universal serial bus
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does HDD stand for? |
Hard disk drive
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does DBMS stand for? |
Database management system
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does CAE stand for? |
Computer aided engineering
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does CAM stand for? |
Computer aided manufacturing
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Computing Abbreviations -
What does CNC stand for? |
Computer numerical control
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What temperature is used for Aluminium brazing?
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535º - 630ºc
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What temperature is used for Silver brazing?
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600º - 800ºc
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What temperature is used for Copper-Phosphorous brazing?
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640º-800ºc
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What temperature is used for Copper brazing?
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1045º - 1085ºc
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What temperature is used for Brass brazing?
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870º - 980ºc
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What temperature is used for Nickel and Cobalt brazing?
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875º - 1150º
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What temperature is used for Palladium brazing?
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805º - 1235ºc
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What temperature is used for Gold brazing?
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905º - 1020ºc
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How does the addition of Tungsten change the properties of steel?
|
Increases Hardness, especially at high temperatures
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How much Chromium does steel have to be classed as Stainless Steel?
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Approximately 10-12% or more
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What is this?
|
Universal Beam
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What is this?
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Universal Column
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What is this?
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Parallel Flange Channel
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What is this?
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Rolled Steel Joist
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