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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
beta adrenergic blockers
timolol (Timoptic, Betimol)
cartelol (Ocupress)
beta adrenergic blockers
metipranolol (OptiPranolol)
beta adrenergic blockers
levobunolol (Betagan Liquifilm, AK-Beta)
beta adrenergic blockers
cardioselective beta blockers
betaxolol (Betatopic) , levovetxolol (Betaxon)
beta adrenergic blocker MOA
decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced
beta adrenergic blocker Use
used primarily to treat POAG (primary open-angle glaucoma)
used to treat closed-angle on an emergency basis
beta adrenergic adverse effects
temporary stinging discomfort in the eye immediately after drop is instilled
occasional conjunctivitis, blurred vision, photophobia, dry eyes
systemic effects of beta blockade on heart and lungs may occur
beta adrenergic contraindications
clients who have bradycardia and AV heart block and should be used carefully in clients who have heart failure- monitor for bradycardia
beta adrenergic blocker interactions
can increase cardiovascular and respiratory effects
can interfere with insulin
beta adrenergic blocker admin
hold pressure on naso/lacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds immediately after instilling drops
monitor pulse rate and rhythm as indicated for beta-blocker
alpha-adrenergic meds
proto: brimonidine (Alphagan)
apraclonidine (Iopidine)
brimonidine (alpha adrenergic) MOA
decreases production and may also increase outflow of aqueous humor to lower IOP
alpha adrenergic use
brimodine is a first line med used for long-term topical treatment of POAG
apraclonidine is a short-term therapy for POAG only and is also used preoperatively for laser eye surgeries
alpha adrenergic adverse
localized stinging and pruritis of conjunctiva
blurred vision, headache, dry mouth
reddened sclera
hypotension, drowsiness
alpha adrenergic interactions
antihypertensive meds may intensify hypotension caused by brimonidine- inform provider if taking any antihypertensive meds
alpha adrenergic admin
monitor BP for hypotension
prostaglandin analogs
latanoprost (Xalatan)
travopost (Travatan)
prostaglandin analogs
bimatoprost (Lumigan)
prostaglandin analogs
prostaglandin analogs MOA
increases aqueous humor outflow through relaxation of ciliary muscle
prostaglandin analogs Adverse
permanent increased brown pigmentation, usually occurring in individuals with brown-colored irises
stinging, burning, red conjunctiva- do not rub eyes
blurred vision
migraine
second in line topical meds for glaucoma
direct-acting cholinergic agonist
proto: pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Pilocar)
pilocarpine (direct-acting cholinergic agonist) use
second in line for POAG, lowers IOP directly through ciliary constriction
also used to treat closed-angle glaucoma
pilocarpine adverse
retinal detachment
parasympathetic effects, such as bradycardia
decreased visual acuity
carbonic anhydrase 2nd in line inhibitor
dorzolamide (Trusopt)
also available in combination with timolol (called Cosopt)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 2nd in line purpose
second in line for POAG which decreases aqueous humor production
carbon anhydrase inhibitor 2nd in line r adverse
localized reactions in up to 15%
blurred vision, dryness, photophobia
osmotic agents
mannitol (Osmitrol)
glycerin (Osmoglyn
osmotic agent
isosorbide (Ismotic)
osmotic agent
Osmotic agent MOA
decrease intraocular pressure by making the plasma hypertonic, thus drawing fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye
osmotic agent uses
treat rapid progression of closed-angle glaucoma to prevent blindness
carbon anhydrase inhibitor
acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels)
methazolamide
carbon anhydrase inhibitor
carbon anhydrase inhibitor MOA
reduces production of aqueous humor by causing diuresis through renal effects
carbon anhydrase inhibitor uses
used to quickly lower IOP in clients for whom other medications have been ineffective
acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels) (carbon anhydrase)
a non-antimicrobial sulfanomide can be used as an emergency medication prior to surgery for acute angle-closure glaucoma and as a second line med for treatment of POAG
carbon anhydrase adverse
severe allergic reactions
possible cross sensitivity with sulfanomide
rare serious blood disorders- such as bone marrow depression
GI side effects
electrolyte depletion, altered liver function
flu like symptoms
CNS disturbances
glucose disturbances in DM patients
carbon anhydrase contraindications
pregnancy category C
use during lactation only after evaluation by provider
carbon anhydrase interactions
maetabolic acidosis while using high dose aspirin
acetazolamide may increase the risk of toxic effects of quinidine
acetazolamide may decrease blood levels of lithium
acetazolamide may increase osteomalacia, an adverse effect of phenytoin
sodium bicarbonate increases risk of kidney stones
carbon anhydrase effectiveness
Reduced IOP