Ati Gastrointestinal System And Nutrition Meds ( Vitamins, Minerals, And Supplements)

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iron preparations

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proto: Ferrous sulfate (Feosol, Ferosul, SLow FE)
parenteral: iron dextran
others: ferrous gluconate (Fergon)
ferrous fumarate (Feostat, Femiron)

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iron preparations MOA

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provide iron needed for RBC development and oxygen transport to the cells

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iron preparations USE

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used to treat iron-deficiency anemia
ferumoxytol is limited to clients show have chronic kidney disease
Iron sucrose and SFGC are used soley for clients who are undergoing long-term hemodialysis and are deficient in iron

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iron preparations adverse

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GI distress
teeth staining
staining of skin and other tissues with IM injections
anaphalaxis- iron dextran
hypotension
fetal iron toxicity in children when overdose of iron is ingested (2 to 10 g)

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iron preparations contraindications

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previous hypersensitivity to iron
hemolytic anemia, PUD, severe liver disease

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iron preparations adverse

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Coadministration of antacids or tetracyclines reduces absorption of iron
vitamin c increases absorption but also increases incidence of GI complications

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iron preparations client teaching

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take on empty stomach such as one hour before meals to maximize absorption
take with food if GI adverse effects occur- may increase adherence to therapy even though absorption is also decreased
encourage concurrent intake of appropriate quantities of food high in iron

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iron preparations effectiveness

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increased reticulocyte count
increase in hemoglobin 2g/dL
fatigue and pallor have subsided and client reports increased energy level

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vitamin b12 (cyanocobalamin)

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proto: vitamin B12
other: intranasal cyanocobalamin (Nasocobal)

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vitamin B12

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necessary to convert folic acid from its inactive form to its active form. All cells rely on folic acid for DNA production
may be administered to prevent or correct deficiency which results in megaloblastic anemia and can cause fatal heart failure if not corrected
loss of erythrocytes leads to heart failure, central vascular insufficiency and hypoxia
loss of leukocytes lead to infection
loss of thrombocytes leads to bleeding and hemorrage

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vitamin B12

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treatment of B12 deficiency
megaloblastic anemia related to Vitamin B deficiency

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vitamin B12 adverse

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hypokalemia secondary to the increased RBC production effects of vitamin B12

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vitamin B12 interventions

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monitor potassium levels during the start of treatment
clients may require potassium supplements

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vitamin B12 contraindications

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vitamin B deficiency should never be treated with just folic acid, which can result in neurological damage
If folic acid is used for a client with vitamin B12 def. ensure that dosage is appropriate

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vitamin B12 interactions

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masking signs of B12 def. with concurrent admin of folic acid

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vitamin B12 interventions

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make sure client receives adequate dose of vitamin B12 when using folic acid
monitor for sides of B12 def.- beefy red tongue, pallor, neuropathy

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vitamin B effectivness

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improvement of megablastic anemia
improvment of neurological symptoms (tingling and numbness)

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folic acid

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proto: folic a