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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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initial lesion could be either
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fatty streak or initimal cell mass
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contains only smooth muscle cells and connective tissue;
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intimal cell mass
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fibrous athermoatous plaque
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characteristic lesion
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3 zones of fibrous athermatous plaque
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fibrous cap
lipid basal |
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location of fibrous cap
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directly under endothelial tissue, next to lumen
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consistency of fibrous cap
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connective tissue - dense collagen
foam cells scattered smooth muscle cells |
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description of lipid zone of FAP
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atheroma, necrotic zone of lipid
foam cells extracellular lipid and debris |
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consistency of basal zone of FAP
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smooth muscle and connective tissue
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complications of plaque
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calcification
ulceration vascularization hemorrhage aneurysms |
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frequency of lipid profile
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6 months apart
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3 types of arteriosclerosis
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Atherosclerosis
Medial calcific arteriolosclerosis |
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two types of arteriolosclerosis
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hyaline
hyperplastic |
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disae of small arteries or arterioles with thickned vessels walls, lumen narrowing
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arteriosclerosis
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4 cell types in lesion
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vascular endothelion
arterial smooth muscle mononuclear phagocytes lymphocytes/neutrophils |
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purpose of vacular endothelium
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transports of lipid proteins (HDL, LDL)
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purpose of smooth muscle
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control of vascular wall
maintenance/repair lpid metabolism secrete cytokines |
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purpose of mononuclear phagocytes
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uptake of LDL
secrete cytokines |
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purpose of lymphocyte/nuetrophils
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respond to injury and infection
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risk factors (controllable)
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smoking
hyperlipidemia hypertension diabetes |
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risk factors (uncontrollable)
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age
male menopause hypercholesterolemia |
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muscular artieres in systemic atherosclerosis
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coronary
popliteal lower extremities |
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consequence of large, medium muscular artieres with atherosclerosis
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occulude lumen
distal organs non-functioning |
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consequence of elastic arteries with atherosclerosis
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aneurysm
embolization |
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elastic arteries involved with atherosclerossi
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aorta
iliac artery carotid artery |
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possible initiating injuries to vascular endothelium
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smoking,
viruses infection blood borne toxins |
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conversion of fatty streak to lesion by 3 growth factors by prolieration of smooth muscle
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PDGF
fibroblastic transforming grwoth alpha |
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predictable atheromatic locations
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abdominal aorta
caronary artery popliteal desc. thoracic aorta internal carotid circle of willis |
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symptoms of atherosclerosis
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claudication
impotence weak distal pulse bruit coolness, clammy skin |
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ocular symptoms of atherosclerosis
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amaurosis fugax
visual field loss |
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ocular signs of atherosclerosis
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arterial reflex
copper wire AV ratio change arcus xanthelama artery/vein occlusion |
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treatment of atherosclerosis
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removal of lipid (diet/exercise)
medical management |
