Ate2722 Avian And Exotic Pet Medicine Midterm

Front 1

___________ can cause hemolysis in some reptilian and avian species. If this occurs, heparin will need to be used for both the CBC and biochemistry panel.

Back 1

EDTA

Front 2

A circovirus that causes patients to be asymptomatic or develop poor feather structure and abnormalities in beak growth. Can be diagnosed via DNA probe testing and/or feather follicle biopsy:

Back 2

Psittacine beak and feather disease

Front 3

•Acquiring blood in parrots can be obtained from these 3 sites

Back 3

-Right jugular

-Metatarsal

-Ulnar(basilic)

Front 4

More commonly seen in African Grey Parrots, symptoms include seizures and easily fractured long bones.

Back 4

Hypocalcemia

Front 5

Allows Higher oxygen flow rate, little resistance to breathing, and designed for patients under 3kg body weight.

Back 5

Non rebreathing circuit

Front 6

Allows for low oxygen flow, reuse of inhalant anesthetics, and designed for patient over 3kg body weight.

Back 6

Rebreathing circuit

Front 7

Growths or Warts on the gastric mucosa that may only be visible in the mouth or on the cloaca are caused by this herpesvirus:

Back 7

Papillomatosis (aka Pachecos disease)

Front 8

Avocados should not be fed to parrots because of this toxin:

Back 8

persin

Front 9

Chameleons,some Geckos, and the Solomon Island Skink have _________ __________

Back 9

Prehensile Tails

Front 10

•Extension of sternum

•Pectoralmuscle attachment

•Ideal area for body score

Back 10

Keel

Front 11

•External opening for excretion

Back 11

•Vent

Front 12

•How many Air Sacs do birds have

Back 12

•4 paired

•1 unpaired (interclavicular)

Front 13

How much blood can safely be drawn from a parrot weighing 1kg?

Back 13

10ML

Front 14

In lizards, this organ shares characteristics of both avian and mammalian species

Back 14

lungs

Front 15

In mammals and ________, the skin should be tented or pulled upward to assess dehydration.

Back 15

reptiles

Front 16

Limited information available on normal and abnormal references on exotic species. These include P, QRS, and T waves.

Back 16

Electrocardiography

Front 17

Lizards capable of autotomy Include ________, _______, and __________.

Back 17

-Geckos

-Anoles

-some skinks

Front 18

Name 4 Gram-Negative Bacterias

Back 18

-Klebsiella

-Enterobacter

-E coli

-Pseudomonas

Front 19

Name of birth when female lays eggs into the environment and neonates are hatched after an incubation period.

Back 19

Oviparous

Front 20

Name one pneumatic long bone in birds (correct spelling is required)

Back 20

-Humerus

-Femur

Front 21

Of the two common endotracheal tube styles, which is more common in veterinary medicine, murphy or cole/palmer?

Back 21

Murphy

Front 22

One great thing about ___ is that when you scruff them, they usually open their mouth!

Back 22

ferrets

Front 23

Placing a(n) ___ is painful and should ideally be done under general anesthesia or, at the minimum, heavy sedation with analgesics on board.

Back 23

IO catheter

Front 24

Reptilian "live birth" is called ________, neonates incubate within the female and are precocial on delivery.

Back 24

Ovoviviparous

Front 25

Research studies have shown that ____ (a partial mu agonist opioid) does not seem to be an effective analgesic in several avian species.

Back 25

buprenorphine

Front 26

Rows of feather growth are called:

Back 26

pterylae

Front 27

Rows without feather growth are called

Back 27

Apterylae

Front 28

Some species of lizard are capable of separating their tail to avoid predation, this is known as (spelling counts):

Back 28

autotomy

Front 29

Storage area for waste

Back 29

Cloaca

Front 30

Symptoms of this disease include Blunted choanal papillae, pododermititis (bumblefoot), poor skin/feather condition

Back 30

Hypovatiminosis a

Front 31

Term for bad shedding of skin:

Back 31

dysecdysis

Front 32

The name used for true placental birth (often associated strictly with mammals)

Back 32

Viviparous

Front 33

The two waste products of the avian renal system are:

Back 33

Urine and Urates

Front 34

The use of warming pads and heat lamps to maintain patient's body temperature is called

Back 34

Thermal Support

Front 35

The vaccine "Biomune-Pssitimune" is used to prevent what disease?

Back 35

Avian polyomavirus

Front 36

This blood vessel is usually our first choice for large blood draws on parrots:

Back 36

Right jugular

Front 37

This is caused from inhalation of overheated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Back 37

Teflon toxicosis

Front 38

This is caused from poor diet. Choanal papillae appear blunted or smooth, and patient may develop bumble foot.

Back 38

Hypovitaminosis a

Front 39

This endotracheal tube is available as cuffed or uncuffed. Also contains an eyelet at distal end to allow gas exchange if tube bevel becomes occluded.

Back 39

Murphy-style

Front 40

This disease is an elevated risk in African Greys. Symptoms include seizures.

Back 40

Hypocalcemia

Front 41

This disease is consider zoonotic and the source is an intracellular bacteria. With people the disease is known aspsittacosis.

Back 41

Avian Chlamydiosis

Front 42

This flavivirus is spread by mosquitoes

Back 42

West Nile Virus

Front 43

This fungal infection commonly infects the respiratory tract and most often seen in African Greys, Macaws, and Raptors

Back 43

Aspergillosis

Front 44

This GI organ is also known as the gizzard

Back 44

ventriculus

Front 45

This herpesvirus causes wart-like GI lesions

Back 45

Papillomatosis

Front 46

This is only available as an uncuffed endotracheal tube. Designed with a "shoulder" changing diameter in tube size.

Back 46

Cole-style

Front 47

This is a rapid and non-invasive method of obtaining heart rate and arterial oxygenation saturation levels.

Back 47

Pulse oximeter

Front 48

This is a result of formula or syringe feeding exceeding temperatures of 105F

Back 48

Crop burn

Front 49

This is essential in an exotic animal recovery ward. It provides a warm, safe, easily monitored environment.

Back 49

Incubator

Front 50

This measures the amount of carbon dioxide and is displayed as a single number.

Back 50

Capnograph

Front 51

This organ is responsible for vocalizations in birds.

Back 51

Syrinx

Front 52

This provides a good light source that facilitates correct endotracheal tube placement.

Back 52

Laryngoscopes

Front 53

This species should have some seed included in their diet:

Back 53

-Budgerigars

-Canaries

-Finches

Front 54

This term usually replaces "breed" when recording an avian signalment/history

Back 54

species

Front 55

This treatment involves using binding agents such as CaEDTA

Back 55

Heavy metal toxicosis

Front 56

This ultraviolet wavelength is responsible for vitamin D3 production in animals:

Back 56

UVB

Front 57

This virus causes cutaneous and mucosal papular lesions

Back 57

AVIPOX

Front 58

This yeast infection causes regurgitation, "sour crop", and white plaque in oral cavity

Back 58

Candidiasis

Front 59

Two common methods for obtaining this information are Doppler flow and Oscillometric monitoring.

Back 59

Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring

Front 60

•Venomous Lizards include _____ ______, ______ _______, _______ ______, _______ _______.

Back 60

-Gila Monster

-Beaded Lizard

-Komodo Dragon

-other varanids

Front 61

Vitamin and mineral supplements are recommended for which of the following group of reptiles?

Back 61

-Herbivores

-Insectivores

-Omnivores

Front 62

What food item may contain aflatoxins?

Back 62

Peanuts

Front 63

What is POTZ

Back 63

Preferred optimal temperature zone

Front 64

What is the maximum safe amount of blood we can draw from a parrot weighing 200g?

Back 64

2 MLS

Front 65

What is the name of the enzymatic stomach?

Back 65

Proventriculus

Front 66

What is the proper terminology for shedding of the skin?

Back 66

Ecdysis

Front 67

What would we need chelation therapy to treat?

Back 67

Heavy metal toxins

Front 68

When are air sac cannulas beneficial in avian patients?

Back 68

During Head and Neck surgical procedures

Front 69

When trimming parrot wings, these feathers are the ones we reduce to limit flight:

Back 69

Primary flight feathers

Front 70

Where is food stored before reaching the proventriculus?

Back 70

Crop

Front 71

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with blunted pappillae in the choana?

Back 71

Vitamin a

Front 72

With this disease Infected birds eventually starve to death despite a very good appetite.

Back 72

Proventricular dilation disease

Front 73

With this disease ________ symptoms include Blepharitis,rhinitis, ocular discharge, raised papule

Back 73

Avipox

Front 74

With this virus, infected immature birds have a mortality rate of 27-41%. Psittamune is the available vaccine for this virus.

Back 74

Polyomavirus

Front 75

With this virus __________ Symptoms include depression, anorexia, diarrhea, SQ hemorrhage, dyspnea

Back 75

Polyomavirus

Front 76

Without a diaphragm birds have a single body cavity, this is called a _________ ____________.

Back 76

Coelomic cavity

Front 77

You're asked to draw 50% of the maximum safe amount of blood from your patient, a lethargic, 900g macaw. How much will you draw?

Back 77

4.5mL

Front 78

T or F- Avian air sac cannulas are not used for surgical procedures of the head, neck, and trachea.

Back 78

FALSE

Front 79

T or F- Avian erythrocytes contain a nucleus.

Back 79

TRUE

Front 80

T or F- Avian renal values are assessed by monitoring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

Back 80

FALSE

Front 81

T or F Blood feathers should always be removed.

Back 81

FALSE

Front 82

T or F- Drug metabolism in Reptiles tends to be much slower compared to birds and mammals, therefore anesthetic induction will take longer

Back 82

TRUE

Front 83

T or F, Drug metabolism is slower in birds and faster in reptiles:

Back 83

FALSE

Front 84

T or F- Ecdysis is the process in which lizards shed their old skin/scales.

Back 84

TRUE

Front 85

T or F- Glass, including windows, block out UV lighting.

Back 85

TRUE

Front 86

T or F- Hot rocks should be avoided as they have a reputation for causing thermal burns on lizards.

Back 86

TRUE

Front 87

T or F- Parrots do not have a diaphragm.

Back 87

TRUE

Front 88

T or F Parrot Females Only have left ovary and reproduction tract

Back 88

TRUE

Front 89

T or F- Pre-medications are not needed in birds because they feel no pain.

Back 89

FALSE

Front 90

T or F- Specialized blood collection tubes, such as BD's Microtainer collection tubes, are made specifically for small sample volumes (preventing dilution).

Back 90

TRUE

Front 91

T or F The Parrot Male reproductive system has intra-abdominal testis and rudimentary phallus

Back 91

TRUE

Front 92

T or F- The pre-anesthetic assessment in exotic animals is very similar to that in dogs and cats.

Back 92

TRUE

Front 93

T or F- The right jugular is 2/3larger than the left in parrots

Back 93

TRUE

Front 94

T or F, Uric Acid values are more valuable than BUN in avian chemistry profiles.

Back 94

TRUE

Front 95

T or F- We can only draw 10% of the total blood volume, or 1% of total body weight with birds

Back 95

TRUE

Front 96

T or F- You should always restrain a parrot by its feet to prevent injury.

Back 96

FALSE

Front 97

Back 97

DIET

Front 98

Back 98

LIGHT

Front 99

Back 99

SKIN

Front 100

Back 100

LIVER/KIDNEY

Front 101

Back 101

INTESTINE

Front 102

Back 102

BLOOD

Front 103

Back 103

BONE

Front 104

Back 104

Thyroid gland

Front 105

Back 105

Parathyroid gland

Front 106

Specialized blood collection tubes, such as BD's Microtainer collection tubes, are made specifically for small sample volumes (preventing dilution).

Back 106

TRUE

Front 107

Avian air sac cannulas are not used for surgical procedures of the head, neck, and trachea.

Back 107

FALSE

Front 108

Drug metabolism in ______(50 %)tends to be much slower compared to ______(50 %)and mammals, therefore anesthetic induction (regardless of the drug used) will take longer.

Back 108

Reptiles

Birds

Front 109

The use of oxytocin or manual deflation can be used in cases of this disorder:

Back 109

Egg Binding

Front 110

This disease is zoonotic, caused by an intracellular bacteria, and should not be confused with a human venereal disease:

Back 110

Avian Chlamydiosis

Front 111

Polytetrafluorethylene toxicity is also known as this:

Back 111

Teflon Toxicosis

Front 112

Chelation therapy via CaEDTA is used for in the treatment of this toxicosis:

Back 112

Heavy Metal Toxicosis

Front 113

All the species below have uropygial (preening) glands, except:

Cockatiel

Amazon Parrot

Budgerigar

Sun Conure

Back 113

Amazon Parrot

Front 114

Name ALL bones listed that are pneumatic in birds:

Back 114

Humerus and Femur

Front 115

Birds have a diaphragm.

Back 115

FALSE

Front 116

Put the following avian GI organs in order from top to bottom:

Crop, Mouth, Ventriculus, Proventriculus

Back 116

1 Mouth
2 Crop
3 Proventriculus
4 Ventriculus

Front 117

The renal system in birds produces both urine (urea) and urates (uric acid).

Back 117

TRUE

Front 118

Budgerigars, finches, and canaries all require diets of 100% seed.

Back 118

FALSE

Front 119

A well-balanced diet for parrots should include pellets and vegetable as the majority of intake.

Back 119

TRUE

Front 120

This is the distance between vertical or horizontal rods of a bird's cage:

Back 120

Bar Spacing

Front 121

Which feathers do we reduce during a wing trim?

Back 121

Primary Flight

Front 122

Birds with long tails and streamlined bodies like macaws, cockatiels, and conures may need more feathers clipped during a wing trim because they can catch flight easier than a short, squatty bird like an Amazon parrot.

Back 122

TRUE

Front 123

What diagnostics that can be performed on an avian feces:

Back 123

Direct Smear

Fecal Float

Front 124

Premedications are being used more frequently in avian procedures because they cause a quicker induction time and provide some analgesia during a procedure.

Back 124

TRUE

Front 125

In lizards, the heart shares similar attributes to those found in both birds and mammals.

Back 125

FALSE

Front 126

Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism is a type of metabolic bone disease seen in lizards.

Back 126

TRUE

Front 127

Chameleons will drink from standing water bowls.

Back 127

FALSE

Front 128

Your patient is a 62g parakeet. What is the maximum volume of blood we can safely draw from this patient?

Back 128

0.62mL

Front 129

Your patient is a 1.5kg parrot. What is the maximum amount of blood we can safely draw from the patient?

Back 129

15mL

Front 130

Your patient is a 110g bird. What is the maximum amount of blood you can safely draw from this patient?

Back 130

1.1ml

Front 131

The lab needs a sample size of 0.7mL whole blood in order to run the tests you requested. Your patient is an 80g parakeet. Will you be able to safely draw enough blood for the tests?

Back 131

Yes

Front 132

The specialized scales covering a snake's eyes are called______.

Back 132

spectacle

Front 133

In snakes, the right lung is often the only one to develop of the two.

Back 133

TRUE

Front 134

Also known as the Jacobson's organ, this sensory organ is found in the roof of a snake's mouth:

Back 134

vomeronasal organ

Front 135

What 3 skeletal feature(s) allow(s) snakes to hyperextend their jaws to consume large prey?

Back 135

Quadrate bone

no mandibular symphysis

poor maxillary fusion

Front 136

Which viruses is seen primarily in boas and pythons?

Back 136

inclusion body disease

Front 137

When radiographing snakes, a natural, coiled position for the patient is best.

Back 137

FALSE

Front 138

Labial heat pits are present in all species of snakes.

Back 138

FALSE

Front 139

Name 4 reasons a snake may not eat.

Back 139

habitat too cool

underlying illness in snake

improper humidity

prey item too large

Front 140

The ______is the upper shell of a turtle or to

Back 140

carapace

Front 141

Name the common chemical name for the amphibian anesthetic MS-222 (2 words):___ ___

Back 141

tricaine methanesulfonate

Front 142

List one of the four modes of amphibian respiration:______

Back 142

pulmonic

Front 143

MS-222 should be mixed into solution with sodium bicarbonate to neutralize its pH.

Back 143

TRUE

Front 144

Tortoise/turtle lungs are located proximal to the plastron, or lower shell.

Back 144

FALSE

Front 145

Primarily carnivorous young that mature to omnivorous or herbivorous adults.

Back 145

Aquatic Turtles

Front 146

Omnivores at all life stages

Back 146

Box Turtles

Front 147

Herbivores at all life stages

Back 147

Tortoises

Front 148

Herbivorous young that feed on algaes (spirulina); adults feed primarily on small insects.

Back 148

Amphibians

Front 149

The abdominal vein is a common site for blood collection in turtles and tortoises.

Back 149

FALSE

Front 150

Oral medications are difficult to administer to turtles and tortoises due to the strength in their beaks.

Back 150

TRUE

Front 151

The normal heart rate of a ferret is __ bpm.

Back 151

180-250

Front 152

Ferret diets should be high in carbohydrates and low in fat.

Back 152

FALSE

Front 153

The most common crystals associated with urolithiasis in ferrets are:

Back 153

Struvite

Front 154

Some products, including feline revolution, can be used on ferrets; although this is considered "off-label" use.

Back 154

True

Front 155

This viral disease is zoonotic and easily transmitted between humans and ferrets, and vice versa (one word):______

Back 155

influenza

Front 156

Implanted hormones, such as deslorelin, are used for the prevention or treatment of:

Back 156

Adrenal Disease

Front 157

This is the most commonly seen material in ferret GI obstruction cases:

Back 157

Rubber

Front 158

Ferrets with this disease often present lethargic, ataxic, and hypoglycemic:

Back 158

Insulinoma

Front 159

Young Ferret

Back 159

Kit

Front 160

Intact Female Ferret

Back 160

Jill

Front 161

Neutered Male Ferret

Back 161

Gib

Front 162

Spayed Female Ferret

Back 162

Sprite

Front 163

Intact Male Ferret

Back 163

Hob

Front 164

Excessive artificial light has been shown to reduce the effects of Adrenal Disease in captive ferrets.

Back 164

FALSE

Front 165

Rabbit teeth are open-rooted, known as elodont.

Back 165

TRUE

Front 166

_______________ are nutrient-rich pellets stored in the ceca and consumed directly from the anus (one word).

Back 166

Cecotrophs

Front 167

Alfalfa hay should be limited when feeding adult (non-breeding) rabbits because it contains high levels of:

Back 167

Calcium

Front 168

This bacteria is a common pathogen and can be found in over 90% of captive rabbits:

Back 168

Pasteurella

Front 169

Malocclusion is an overgrowth of nails.

Back 169

FALSE

Front 170

The most common neoplasia to affect intact female rabbits is (2 words):

Back 170

uterine adenocarcinoma

Front 171

The normal respiratory rate of a rabbit is ___ bpm.

Back 171

30-60

Front 172

Tracheal intubation of rabbits can be very difficult due to the small size and opening of their mouth.

Back 172

TRUE

Front 173

Circling (pacing) is a normal behavior in rabbits.

Back 173

FALSE

Front 174

This is the biggest danger to rodents during surgery or any anesthetic procedure:

Back 174

hypothermia

Front 175

The most commonly used blood vessel for phlebotomy on rodents (except hamsters) is:

Back 175

lateral tail

Front 176

The term "slobbers" is associated with dental malocclusion in Chinchillas.

Back 176

TRUE

Front 177

If improperly restrained, we may cause______slip when holding a chinchilla (one word).

Back 177

Fur

Front 178

Guinea pigs require a diet with supplemental vitamin __.

Back 178

C

Front 179

Dystocia becomes a significant problem for guinea pigs bred after __ months of age.

Back 179

7

Front 180

Hedgehogs are herbivores.

Back 180

FALSE

Front 181

Skunks belong to the family:

Back 181

Mustelidae

Front 182

Sugar Gliders are rodents.

Back 182

FALSE

Front 183

Sugar gliders that present with hindlimb lameness or paresis, and have a history of poor dietary calcium may be experiencing this disease:

Back 183

Nutritional Osteodystrophy

Front 184

Fish (excluding sharks) are: (3 things)

Back 184

Poikilothermic

Vertebrates

Aquatic

Front 185

The sensory organ in fish that detects pressure and water movement is the:

Back 185

lateral line

Front 186

Fish bones DO NOT contain marrow.

Back 186

TRUE

Front 187

Osmoregulation is the balance and maintenance of salt and water.

Back 187

True

Front 188

____ is the most important production component for raising fish but often the most neglected.

Back 188

Water quality

Front 189

Having the client present the fish in office is preferred over visiting the patient's home/habitat.

Back 189

FALSE

Front 190

Name the 3 most common biopsy sites on fish.

Back 190

Skin

Fin

Gill

Front 191

New Tank Syndrome is caused by

Back 191

Nitrite levels high

Biofilter not mature

Front 192

Old Tank Syndrome is caused by

Back 192

inadequate water exchange

Alkalinity and pH drop

Carbon Dioxide increase

Front 193

Cryptocaryon irritans is the saltwater counterpart to freshwater _____.

Back 193

Ich

Front 194

Name the 3 Major Goals of Fish Health Management (3 M's)

Back 194

Minimize disease agents

Maximize immune function

Manage biosecurity risks