Atc Basics Lp 24 - 102937

Front 1

1. Factors that influence aviation weather safety include:

Back 1

Pilot ratings and experience, aircraft design and performance specifications, and onboard equipment

Front 2

2. What is responsible for the most weather-related accidents?

Back 2

Adverse winds

Front 3

3. Variable Wind

Back 3

During a 2-minute evaluation period, it fluctuates by 60 degrees or more and the wind speed is more than 6kts (wind speed may be less than 6kts)

Front 4

4. Wind Shift

Back 4

Change in wind direction of 45 degrees or more within 15 minutes and has sustained winds of 10kts or more

Front 5

5. IFR Weather

Back 5

Below 3SM visibility, less than 1000ft ceiling

Front 6

6. What is the single greatest cause of fatal accidents?

Back 6

Continued visual into IFR wx

Front 7

7. Indefinite Ceiling

Back 7

Reported ceiling value represents the vertical visibility upward into a surface-based obscuration. It restricts the pilot's slant-range visibility

Front 8

8. Fog

Back 8

Reduces horizontal visibility to less than 5/8 SM. The most common obscuration

Temp- dew point spread is less than 3 fog forms

Front 9

9. What types of precip most commonly produce IFR wx?

Back 9

Rain, drizzle, and snow

Front 10

10. Blowing Snow

Back 10

Snow lifted from the surface of the earth by the wind to a height of 6ft or more and reduce horizontal visibility to less than 7SM

Front 11

11. Volcanic Ash

Back 11

May not be visible, especially at night or in IFR conditions

Front 12

12. Mountain Obscurations

Back 12

Wx phenomena causing the obscuration of mountain peaks. AIRMETs are issued

Front 13

13. Turbulence is caused by:

Back 13

Connective currents

Obstructions to wind flow

Wind shear

COW

Front 14

14. Convective Turbulence

Back 14

Result from convective currents and the subsequent rising and sinking of air.

Most active on warm summer afternoons when winds are light Uneven surface heating

Front 15

15. Mechanical Turbulence

Back 15

Turbulence caused by obstructions such as trees, buildings, mountains, etc. obstructions to the wind flow disrupt the smooth flow of air

Front 16

16. Mountain Wave

Back 16

An atmospheric wave disturbance formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain ridge.

Waves remain nearly stationary while wind blows through. Severe to extreme turbulence

Front 17

17. Wind Shear

Back 17

A change in wind speed and/of direction in a short distance resulting in a shearing effect

Front 18

18. What are 3 conditions of wind shear?

Back 18

Low-level temp inversion

Frontal zone

CAT associated with the jet stream

Front 19

19. When do temp inversions occur?

Back 19

Nighttime cooling

Along frontal zones

Cold air trapped in a valley

Front 20

20. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT)

Back 20

Higher altitude occurring in cloud-free regions, associated with wind shear, in the core of a jet stream and the surrounding air.

Front 21

21. Light Turbulence (LGT)

Back 21

Momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude/attitude. Occupants feel slight strain on seat belts. No difficulty in walking

Front 22

22. Moderate Turbulence (MOD)

Back 22

Changes in attitude/altitude occur with positive control of the aircraft at all times. Causes variations in indicated airspeed. Walking is difficult.

Front 23

23. Severe Turbulence (SEV)

Back 23

Large, abrupt changes in attitude/altitude causing large variations in indicated airspeed. Aircraft momentarily out of control. Walking is impossible

Front 24

24. Extreme Turbulence (EXT)

Back 24

Aircraft is practically impossible to control. May cause structural damage.

Front 25

25. Aircraft reaction to turbulence varies with:

Back 25

Difference in wind speed in adjacent currents

Aircraft size

Wind loading

Airspeed

Aircraft altitude

Front 26

26. What are the effects of a high density altitude?

Back 26

Reduces power and thrust

A longer takeoff and landing roll are required

Hint 26

Front 27

27. When does structural icing form?

Back 27

When supercooled water strikes the aircraft's airframe.

Front 28

28. What are the 3 types of icing?

Back 28

Rime

Clear

Mixed

Front 29

29. Rime ice

Back 29

Rough, milky, opaque, formed by instantaneous freezing. Most common, but least serious type. Typically controlled by deicers. Disturb the airflow, easier to remove

Note: looks like the inside of a freezer

Front 30

30. Clear Ice

Back 30

Formed by slow freezing of large droplets. Can greatly disturb the airflow. Difficult to remove

Front 31

31. Mixed Ice

Back 31

Layers of relatively clear and opaque ice.

Front 32

32. Trace Icing (TRACE)

Back 32

Ice becomes perceptible.

Deicing not used unless encountered for over 1 hour

Front 33

33. Light Icing (LGT)

Back 33

It doesn't present a problem if the deicing is used occasionally

Front 34

34. Moderate Icing (MOD)

Back 34

Short encounters are potentially hazardous and deicing or diversion is necessary

Front 35

35. Severe Icing (SEV)

Back 35

Deicing fails and immediate diversion is necessary

Front 36

36. Why are jets less vulnerable to Icing?

Back 36

Powerful deicing equipment. Tendency to cruise at altitudes too cold for Icing