Atc Basics Block Iii

Front 1

A circle formed on the surface of a sphere by the intersection of a plane that passes through the center of the sphere

Back 1

Great Circle

Front 2

The reference line used to measure longitude

Back 2

The Prime Meridian

Front 3

The places where meridians and parallels cross

Back 3

Coordinates

Front 4

Used to measure angular distance east and west of the prime meridian

Back 4

Longitude Lines

Front 5

Parallels and Meridians are divided in ______ _____ & _______

Back 5

degrees, minutes, and seconds

Front 6

Used for measuring degrees of latitude north and south of the equator

Back 6

Parallels of Latitude

Front 7

One minute of longitude along the equator is equal to ____ NM

Back 7

1

Front 8

When Coordinates are used to define position, is latitude or longitude stated first?

Back 8

Latitude

Front 9

The shortest distance between two points on a sphere, such as the earth

Back 9

Great Circle Route

Front 10

A line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude, and is longer than a great circle route

Back 10

Rhumb Line

Front 11

Must be used for all mileage’s in IFR planning and operations. It is also used in conjunction with federal airways and is used for aircraft separation rules

Back 11

Nautical Mile (NM)

Front 12

1 NM is equal to:

Back 12

-6,076.1 feet

-1.15 statute miles

-1 minute of latitude

Front 13

Always used in conjunction with visibility

Back 13

Statute Mile (SM)

Front 14

1 SM is equal to:

Back 14

-5,280 feet

-0.87 NM

Front 15

Knot (KT)

Back 15

-1 NM

- NM and KTs are universal in ATC

Front 16

NM conversion Formula

Back 16

NM = SM x .87

Front 17

SM conversion Formula

Back 17

SM = NM x 1.15

Front 18

Also Referred to as “Zulu” time

Back 18

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

Front 19

The Earth is divided into ____ time zones

Back 19

24

Front 20

Four time zones of the United States

Back 20

Eastern

Central

Mountain

Pacific

Front 21

Each zone is ____ of longitude wide starting at the prime meridian

Back 21

15 Degrees

Front 22

To convert from LST to UTC

Back 22

- First convert to 24 hour clock

- Determine appropriate conversion factor and apply

Front 23

Daylight Savings Time (DST)

Back 23

Starts at 2am the second sunday in March, and ends at 2am on the first Sunday in November

Front 24

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

Back 24

Shown on the aircrafts airspeed indicator

Used in pilot/controller communications

Front 25

True Airspeed

Back 25

Relative to undisturbed air mass

Used in:

-Flight Planning

-En route portion of flight

Front 26

Ground Speed

Back 26

The speed of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth is true airspeed corrected for the effects of wind

Front 27

Mach Number

Back 27

Ratio of true airspeed to the speed of sound, expressed in decimal form

Front 28

ToA

Back 28

indicated airspeed decreases with increases in altitude and temperature

Front 29

Air becomes ________ as temperature increases

Back 29

Less Dense

Front 30

A mass of air moving over the Earth’s Surface in a definite direction

Back 30

Wind

Front 31

Wind is stated to include the following:

Back 31

Direction from which the wind is blowing

Velocity in knots

Front 32

Winds affect on Ground speed

Back 32

Increased by tailwind

Reduced by headwind

Front 33

Affects speed and direction of flight

Back 33

Crosswind

Front 34

Represents the intended path of the aircraft over the earths surface

Back 34

True Course

Front 35

What an free object will do as the air moves downwind with the speed of the wind

Back 35

Drift Angle

Front 36

The actual path that the aircraft has flown over the earths surface

Back 36

Track

Front 37

In one hour, an aircraft drifts downwind an amount....

Back 37

Equal to wind speed

Front 38

True Heading (TH) =

Back 38

True Course (TC) Corrected for wind

TC +/- WCA = TH

Front 39

It is the controllers responsibility to compensate for wind speed and direction when:

Back 39

Formulating Estimates

Issuing Radar Vectors

Front 40

Variation

Back 40

The angular difference between True north and Magnetic north

Front 41

Isogenic Lines

Back 41

Connect points of equal difference between true and magnetic north

Front 42

Agonic Line

Back 42

Connects points of zero variation

There is only 1 Agonic Line

Front 43

Magnetic Heading (MH) =

Back 43

True Heading (TH) corrected for Variation

TH +/- VAR = MH

Front 44

The error of a magnetic compass due to magnetic influence in the structure and equipment of the aircraft

Back 44

Deviation

Front 45

Results from magnetic influences within aircraft

Back 45

-Electrical circuits

-Engine

-Other magnetized parts

Front 46

Compass Heading =

Back 46

Compass Heading (CH) is the magnetic heading (MH) corrected for Deviation

MH +/- DEV = CH

Front 47

Navigation of an airplane solely by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, and speed, ground speed, and elapsed time

Back 47

Dead Reckoning

Front 48

The determination of position by identification of landmarks from their representation on a chart

Suitable for slow aircraft flying close to the ground

Back 48

Pilotage

Front 49

In flight planning, aviation charts are used to plot and determine

Back 49

True Course

Distance

Variation

Front 50

Any electronic device, airborne or on the surface, which provides point-to-point guidance information or position data to aircraft in flight

Back 50

Radio Navigational Aid

Front 51

8 Radio, self contained, and satellite navigation systems

Back 51

NDB

VOR

TACAN

DME

VORTAC

ILS

INS

GNSS

Front 52

Compass Locator

Back 52

When a radio beacon is used in conjunction with the Instrument Landing System (ILS) markers

Front 53

Non-Directional Radio Beacon (NDB)

Back 53

An Low medium frequency or ultra high frequency radio beacon transmitting non-directional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft equipped with direction finding equipment can determine his/her bearing to or from the radio beacon and “home” or track to or from the station

Front 54

All radio beacons except the ___________, transmit continuous three-letter identification in morse code except during voice transmissions

Back 54

Compass Locators

Front 55

Least accurate NAVAID

Back 55

NDB

Front 56

VHF Omni-Directional Range (VOR)

Back 56

Ground-based electronic navigational aid transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented to magnetic north

Front 57

Primary navigation facility for civil aviation in the NAS

Back 57

VORs

Front 58

Three classes of VORs:

Back 58

T (Terminal) : used for navigation in a terminal area around an airport

L (Low altitude) : Generally used to navigate on airways

H (High Altitude) : Used to navigate on all ATS routes

Front 59

The effectiveness of the VOR depends on what?

Back 59

Proper use and adjustment of both ground and airborne equipment

Front 60

The accuracy of course alignment of the VOR is generally plus or minus ____ degree

Back 60

One

Front 61

Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN)

Back 61

A ultra-high frequency electronic navigation aid which provides suitably equipped aircraft continuous indications of bearing and distance to the TACAN station

Front 62

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)

Back 62

Equipment (airborne and ground) used to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the DME navigational aid

Front 63

Distance information received from DME equipment is ________ distance and not actual horizontal distance

Back 63

Slant Range

Front 64

Difference between slant range and horizontal distance is greatest _______

Back 64

Near the NAVAID, at high altitude

Front 65

DME Distance is displayed _____

Back 65

as slant range distance

Front 66

A vortac provides three individual services at one site

Back 66

VOR Azimuth

TACAN Azimuth

TACAN distance (DME)

Front 67

TACAN frequencies are in the ________ band

Back 67

UHF

Front 68

What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator?

Back 68

Transponder

Front 69

The ILS is designed to provide

Back 69

An approach path with both course and altitude guidance

An exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on final approach to a specific runway

Front 70

The directional transmitter are known as the ______ and _______

Back 70

localizer and glide slope transmitters

Front 71

Primary components of the ILS

Back 71

Localizer

Glide Slope

Marker Beacon

Front 72

Provides horizontal (left/right) guidance along the extended centerline of the runway

Back 72

Localizer

Front 73

Provides the vertical (up/down) guidance along the descent path toward the runway touchdown point

Back 73

Glide Slope

Front 74

Gives Range information along the approach path

Back 74

Marker Beacon

Front 75

ILS Supplementary Components

Back 75

Approach Lights

Compass Locator

DME

Front 76

Assisting in the transition from instrument to visual flight

Back 76

Approach Lights

Front 77

A low power, low or medium frequency (L/MF) radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker

Back 77

Compass Locator

Front 78

Collocates with the GS Transmitter providing positive distance-to-touchdown information or DME associated with another nearby facility (VOR or standalone), if specified in the approach procedure

Back 78

DME

Front 79

The Localizer signal is usable:

Back 79

Vertically and Laterally

Front 80

When is the ILS approach not usable?

Back 80

if the localizer is out of service

Front 81

What do approach lights provide?

Back 81

The basic means to transition from instrument flight to visual light for landing

Front 82

Provides aircraft position and navigation information in response to signals resulting from inertial effects (from the movement of the aircraft) on system components

Back 82

The inertial Navigation System (INS)

Front 83

What is the INS comprised of?

Back 83

Gyros, accelerometers, and a navigation computer

Front 84

INS accuracy is very high following initial alignment and decreases with time at the rate of _______

Back 84

1-2 nautical miles per minute

Front 85

Refers collectively to the worldwide positioning, navigation, and timing determination capability available from one or more satellite constellation in conjunction with a network of ground stations

Back 85

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Front 86

A satellite-based radio navigation system, which broadcasts a signal that is used by receivers to determine precise position anywhere in the world

Back 86

The Global Positioning System (GPS)

Front 87

A minimum of how many satellites is necessary to establish an accurate three-dimensional position?

Back 87

Four

Front 88

Who is responsible for operating the GPS satellite constellation and monitors the GPS satellites to ensure proper operation

Back 88

The department of Defense (DOD)

Front 89

A satellite navigation system consisting of the equipment and software which augments the GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

Back 89

WAAS- Wide Area Augmentation System

Front 90

Provides precision navigation guidance for exact alignment and descent of aircraft on approach to a runway

Back 90

LAAS - Local Area Augmentation System

Front 91

An aircraft based, self contained fault detection program, which can alert a user when questionable data is being received from a GPS satellite

Back 91

RAIM - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

Front 92

A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of ground or space based navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these

Back 92

Area Navigation (RNAV)

Front 93

The FMS uses a large data base to allow routes to be preprogrammed and fed into the system by means of a ______

Back 93

Data Loader

Front 94

A predetermined geographical position used for route/instrument approach definition, progress reports, published VFR routes, or visual reporting points that are defined relative to a VORTAC station or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates

Back 94

Waypoint

Front 95

What makes up an RNAV route?

Back 95

A series of waypoints

Front 96

What is required for all IFR aircraft on all random RNAV routes (except in Alaska)?

Back 96

Radar monitoring by ATC

Front 97

Three fixed route systems are established for air navigation purposes

Back 97

Airways (class E airspace)

Jet Route System (Class A Airspace)

RNAV Routes (Class A and Class E airspace)

Front 98

Where is the changeover point?

Back 98

Unless otherwise charter, it is midway between NAVAIDS

Front 99

Where are VOR airways established?

Back 99

in class E airspace in the form of a corridor, centerline of which is defined by radio navaids

Front 100

The VOR airway system consists of what airways?

Back 100

airways designated generally from 1,200 feet AGL up to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL

Front 101

A segment of an airway, which is common to two or more routes _________

Back 101

Carries the numbers of all the airways that coincide for that segment

Front 102

What routes does the jet route system consist of?

Back 102

Routes established from 18,000 feet MSL to FL450 inclusive

Front 103

What prohibits the establishment of jet routes above FL450?

Back 103

NAVAID Limitations

Front 104

What are the two types of published RNAV routes?

Back 104

Q Routes

T Routes

Front 105

Used by aircraft operating from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL450, and are depicted on en route high altitude charts

Back 105

Q Routes

Front 106

Used by aircraft operating up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL, and are depicted on en route low altitude charts

Back 106

T Routes