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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solar System Objects |
Sun, Planets, Moons, Dwarf Planets, Kuiper Belt Objects, Comets, Asteroids, Meteoroids |
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Terrestrial Planets |
(inner planets- closer to the sun) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars -closely spaced |
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Jovian Planets |
(Outer Planets- further from the sun) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune -Spaced far apart |
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Comparitive Planetology |
Comparing planets to better understand the solar system and its formation |
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Size and mass of planets |
Terrestrial planets are smaller than Jovian planets. Jovian planets are more massive |
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Terrestrial Planets Density |
High density composition of metals and rocks |
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Jovian Planets Density |
Low density composition of liquid hydrogen and helium |
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Surface |
Terrestrial Planets- walk able, hard surface Jovian Planets- No landing possible due to clouds and high pressure liquid |
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Rotation |
Jovian planets spin faster - stronger magnetic field magnetic field gives information on the interior of the planets |
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Rings and Moons |
Terrestrial- No rings, few moons Jovian- all have rings, many moons |
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Interstellar Cloud (Nebula) |
About 5 billion years ago an interstellar cloud made mostly of hydrogen (71%) and helium (27%), plus small amounts of other elements, and perhaps 2 light years across was the start of our solar system |
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Gravity |
Brings things together -Nebula collapsed on itself -Became denser in the center |
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Energy |
Is conserved in the universe -Kinetic energy of collapsing material turns to heat in the center of the Nebula making the center hotter (where the sun formed) |
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Angular Momentum |
When rotating things get smaller they spin faster -Nebula acquired speed as it collapsed -produced a solar system with everything spinning in the same direction |
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Force |
Is needed to move toward the center of a rotating object -It's hard for material to move towards the center from the side, it's easier to move along the axis -Results in the solar system forming into a flattened shape |
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Basic steps of planet formation |
1) Material condenses on dust grains 2) Tiny globs stick together when they collide (accretion) 3) Big planetesimals draw in more mass by gravitational attraction 4) Self-gravity pulls the protoplanet into a spherical shape |
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Condensation |
Different materials condense at different temperatures -Metals and rocks (with high boiling points) condense everywhere in the solar system -Hydrogen and helium (with low boiling points) condense only in the cooler, outer parts of the solar system *All planets began as rocky masses |
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Angular Momentum |
planets all spin in the same direction |
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Sun Emits Energetic Particles |
cleans the solar system -pushes small particles away from the sun |
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Earth |
4.6 billion years old |
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Earth's Layers |
Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust |
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Inner Core |
High pressure, hot, solid nickel and iron |
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Outer Core |
hot, high pressure, liquid nickel and iron |
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Mantle |
liquid basaltic rock |
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crust |
solid silicate rock |
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Earth's interior |
studied using seismic waves (from earthquakes) |
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Mantle motion |
the liquid rock mantle is heated from below -hot liquid rises -cool liquid sinks =convection currents= earth surface moves= tectonic plates |
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Tectonic Plates |
Cause -mountain ranges -fault lines -ocean trenches -mid-Atlantic ridge |
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Earth's Atmosphere |
composed of mostly nitrogen (78%) oxygen is 21%, 0.0037% carbon dioxide water vapor= 0.1-3%, argon is 1% |
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Origin of Earth's atmosphere |
most likely originated from gasses emitted from heated rocks, and from frozen gasses delivered by comets. oxygen was produced by plant life |
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Temperature stability |
Atmosphere evens out day and night temperatures carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere reflect heat towards the Earth by the green house effect (traps heat) temperature of ocean water, along with polar ice, balance temperature |
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Magnetic Field |
how magnetic forced transmit from one body to another |
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the moon |
30 earth diameters away low density no atmosphere surface covered in rock and dust 1/6 earth's gravity |
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Moon |
formed by collision between Earth and a Mars-sized planetoid ejected some of Earth's surface material in orbit it used to be closer to earth than it is now |
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Tidal Motion |
looses energy |
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