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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
natural motion
In Aristotelian physics, the motion of objects toward their natural places-- fire and air upward and earth and water downward
violent motion
In Aristotelian physics, motion other than natural motion. (See natural motion)
acceleration of gravity
A measure of the strength of gravity at a planet's surface
momentum
The tendency of a moving object to continue moving; mathematically, the product of mass and velocity
acceleration
A change in velocity; a change in either speed or direction (See velocity.)
velocity
A rate of travel that specifies both speed and direction
mass
A measure of the amount of matter making up an object
inverse square law
The rule that the strength of an effect (such as gravity) decreases in proportion as the distance squared increases.
field
A way of explaining action at a distance; a particle produces a field of influence (gravitational, electric, or magnetic) to which another particle in the field responds.
angular momentum
The tendency of a rotating body to continue rotating; mathematically, the product of mass, velocity, and radius.
circular velocity
The velocity required to remain in a circular orbit about a body.
geosynchronous satellite
An Earth satellite in an eastward orbit whsoe period is 24 hours. A satellite in such an orbit remains above the same spot on Earth's surface.
center of mass
The balance point of a body or system of bodies.
closed orbit
An orbit that returns to its starting point; a circular or elliptical orbit. (See open orbit)
escape velocity
The initial velocity an object needs to escape from the surface of a celestial body.
open orbit
An orbit that does not return to its starting point; an escape orbit. (See closed orbit)
energy
The capacity of a natural system to perform work-- for example, thermal energy.
kinetic energy
Energy of motion; depends on mass and velocity of a moving body.