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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
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He discovered that Jupiter has moons. Aristotle Galileo Tycho Brahe Kepler Ptolemy |
Galileo |
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The names of the seven days of the week are based on the seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations. most popular Norse gods. seven planets closest to the Sun. seven brightest stars in the prominent constellation Orion. seven brightest stars in the prominent constellation Orion. |
seven naked-eye objects that appear to move among the constellations. |
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Historians trace the origins of a 24-hour day to the Aztecs. the ancient Egyptians. the druids of Stonehenge. the Mayans. the Babylonian astronomer, Meton. |
the ancient Egyptians. |
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The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggested that Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. Ptolemy Galileo Tycho Brahe Kepler Copernicus |
Copernicus |
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He developed a system for predicting planetary positions that remained in use for some 1,500 years Ptolemy Tycho Brahe Kepler Galileo Copernicus |
Ptolemy |
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The ancient goal of astrology was to antagonize astronomers. understand the origin of Earth. predict human events. predict the passing of the seasons. make a more accurate model of the universe. |
predict human events. |
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What is meant by Occam's Razor? a well-designed experiment that clearly shows the differences between two competing theories the idea that scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agree equally well with observations the shaving implement of a medieval scholar a poorly designed experiment that fails to show the difference between two competing theories the fine line between science and pseudoscience |
the idea that scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agree equally well with observations |
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Which ancient culture had the greatest known success in predicting eclipses? Mayans Greeks Aztecs Egyptians Babylonians |
Mayans |
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People of central Africa predicted the weather by? observing the location of the Moon relative to the Sun in the sky. observing the path of the planets across the sky. observing the orientation of the crescent Moon relative to the horizon. observing the length of the lunar cycle. recording the seasonal changes in average temperature. |
observing the orientation of the crescent Moon relative to the horizon. |
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Which of the following is not one of, nor follows directly from, Kepler's laws? A planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. More distant planets move at slower speeds. The orbit of each planet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. As a planet moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times. The force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers. |
The force of attraction between any two objects decreases with the square of the distance between their centers. |
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Which of the following statements about scientific models is true? A model tries to represent only one aspect of nature. .All models that explain nature well are correct. All current models are correct. A model tries to represent all aspects of nature. A model can be used to explain and predict real phenomena. |
A model can be used to explain and predict real phenomena. |
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In order to tell time at night, the ancient Egyptians of 3000 B.C. used Moon clocks, which measured time based on the Moon's position relative to the stars. hourglasses, measuring the flow of sand through an opening. water clocks, measuring the flow of water through an opening. star clocks, which measured time based on the positions of stars at particular times of night and particular times of year. sundials, with light provided by the Moon. |
star clocks, which measured time based on the positions of stars at particular times of night and particular times of year. |
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He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses. Kepler Tycho Brahe Galileo Copernicus Ptolemy |
Kepler |
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He was the first to prove that comets lie beyond Earth's atmosphere. Ptolemy Kepler Galileo Copernicus Tycho Brahe |
Tycho Brahe |
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Kepler's second law, which states that as a planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas in equal times, means that- planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets. a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. planets have circular orbits. a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. |
a planet travels faster when it is nearer to the Sun and slower when it is farther from the Sun. |
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When we see Venus in its full phase, what phase would Earth be in as seen by a hypothetical Venetian? waning crescent first quarter full new third quarter |
full |
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Compared with the standard hour of 60 minutes used today, the hour of ancient Egypt- was longer than the hour used today. was shorter than the hour used today. divided the entire day into 12 equal parts. differed in length depending on the pharaoh in power at the time. was longer than 60 minutes in the summer and shorter than 60 minutes in the winter. |
was longer than 60 minutes in the summer and shorter than 60 minutes in the winter. |
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All the following statements are true. Which one follows directly from Kepler's third law? Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury. Venus is more massive than Mercury. Venus has a thicker atmosphere than Mercury. Venus is larger than Mercury. |
Venus orbits the Sun at a slower average speed than Mercury. |
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The Muslim fast of Ramadan occurs at the end of the Metonic cycle. during the ninth month of a 12-month lunar cycle. on the spring equinox. during a thirteenth month of the Metonic cycle. on the summer solstice. |
during the ninth month of a 12-month lunar cycle. |
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Kepler's third law, p^2 = a^3, means that a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. all orbits with the same semi major axis have the same period. planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average speeds than nearer planets. All of the above are correct. |
All of the above are correct. |
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The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world? China Southern Asia Central and South America North America the Mediterranean and the Middle East |
the Mediterranean and the Middle East |
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What do the structures of Stonehenge, the Templo Mayor, and the Sun Dagger all have in common? They were all places used for religious sacrifice. They were all used by ancient peoples for astronomical observations. They all can be used as lunar calendars. They were all built on the orders of ancient Mediterranean kings. |
They were all used by ancient peoples for astronomical observations. |
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How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets? It held that sometimes the planets moved backward along their circular orbits. It placed the Sun at the center so that the planets' apparent retrograde motion was seen asEarth passed each one in its orbit. It varied the motion of the celestial sphere so that it sometimes moved backward. It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth. It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Sun. |
It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth. |
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The astrology practiced by those who cast predictive horoscopes can be tested by asking astrologers if it works. comparing how often the predictions come true to what would be expected by pure chance. polling people to find out what percentage believe their horoscopes to be accurate. asking astronomers if it works. counting how many times the predictions come true. |
comparing how often the predictions come true to what would be expected by pure chance. |
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How did Eratosthenes estimate the size of Earth in 240 B.C.? by comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes by measuring the size of Earth's shadow on the Moon in a lunar eclipse by observing the duration of a solar eclipse by sending fleets of ships around Earth We don't know how he did it since all his writings were destroyed. |
by comparing the maximum altitude of the Sun in two cities at different latitudes |
