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82 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
This spectrum shows bright lines on a dark background
emission spectrum
Spectrum that shows all wavelengths of equal brightness
continuous spectrum
A red neon sign glows and heats a thin gas, which makes it give off what type of line?
red emission lines
Analyzing the spectrum of a star tells us its
chemical composition
What causes absorption lines in the solar spectrum
the absorption of light by atoms in the solar atmosphere.
Spectrum of a hot, low pressure glowing gas gives off what type of line?
series of bright lines
Electrons in an emission spectrum jumps?
to lower levels and emitting energy.
what is special about Larger telescopes
they allow fainter objects to be seen, and give higher magnification.
New born stars are made from
interstellar clouds of dust and gas.
We can predict the properties of new stars if we know what?
the mass and chemical composition.
Why does the moon orbit Earth?
centripetal force supplied by gravity and directed towards earth.
Explain the law of conservation Energy
energy can change form, but the amount remains constant and energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Explain the 4 steps in the real world process of Science.
Impressions and observation lead to
a model then a
Metaphor (accuracy, geometry, aestethics, physics
Last, the observations are explained.
One of Tychos discoveries, this discovery is defined as brightening of a star that lasts a few weeks which is....
nova , now called a supernova (explosion of distant star)
Netwons third law
Third Law: For any force, there is always an equal and opposite reaction force.
netwons second law
Second Law: Force=mass x acceleration
newtons first law
First law of motion: an object moves at a constant velocity unless a net force acts to change its speed or direction. Objects at rest remain at rest. Objects in motion, remain in motion with no change in speed or direction.
define net force
combined effect of all the individual forces put together. Mass is the amount of matter in your body.
what is weight, what does it depend on?
Weight is the force that a scale measures when you stand of it. Weight depends on your mass and the forces acting on your mass.
Copernican changed his orbital views to a _______ model
he was right but orbits are not _____
heliocentric
ORBITS ARE NOT Circular
Tycho’s model of the sun was
elliptical
define momentum
is the product of its mass and its velocity momentum=mass X velocity
Kepler modeled the plantets in an ________ orbit around the sun to line up with Tychos data
elliptical
Keplers orbital view stated that
the sun is at one focus of the planets elliptical orbit
to make an emission spectrum electrons jump...
lower levels emitting energy
According to the laws of motion, the moon orbits earth because
the centripetal force, supplied by gravity and directed towards earth acts on it.
The weight on he person on earth does what according to Newtons third law?
If a person weighs 500lbs, earths gravity pulls down with the same force amount.
the person also exterts an upward force of 500 lbs.
the absorption lines in the solar spectrum are caused by
absorption of light by atoms in the solar atmosphere.
A spectrum of of hot, low pressure burning gas gives off what observation?
a series of bright lines.
type of telescope that collects light with concave reflector and a flat mirror
newtonian reflector
secon most abundant element in the sun
helium
The sun ages, it chemical composition changes, It has a higher % of ________ and a higher percentage of ______
helium, hydrogen
the diamenter of the milky way in light years is
one hundred thousand light years.
Keplers First Law
The orbit of each planet around the sun is an ellipse. with the sun at one focus.
keplers second law
As a planer moves around its orbit, it sweeps out equal area in equal times.
keplers third law
More distant plantes orbit the sun at slower average speeds.
p2=>a3
P2=k*aq
how do astronomers estimate the number of stars
they measure the total mass of the galaxy and assume that the average star has about the same luminosity of the sun
In a milky way, the open clusters are located in
disk and spiral arms
A barred spiral galaxy contains
stars, interstellar gas, interstellar dust.
Cepheid variable stars are helpful because they allow astronomers to measure
distances to relatively nearvy galaxies
the most massive galaxies are
giant elliptical
what galaxy has a small mass and no particular shape
irregulars
how far is the sun from the milky way galaxy
30, 000 light years
how do astronomers come to conclusion about
distance
temperature
mass
radius
luminosity
Keplers third law can be used to find the mass of stars. they find the distance of the start to the sun on the stellar parallax.
Temperature is observed by measuring the luminosity.
BLue stars are hotter, red stars are cooler, the amount of luminosity can help determine the temperature.
will stars in a galaxy move away from each other?
yes, the universe expands
hot dense energy source, goes through a prism produces a
continuous spectrum
low density cloud (hot thin gas) through a prism
emission spectrum
hot dense engery source through cooler gas through a prism
absorbtion spectrum
two most important feature of a stars blackbody curve
maximum height or peak indicates energy output
wavelength peak wavelength indicates temperature
stars of the same absolute magnitude have the same
luminosity
stars of the same spectral type have the same
temperature
if two stars have the same surface temperature and one is more luminous what can you conclude?
one star is bigger than the other
if two stars are the same size, but one has a higher surface temperature, which star is more luminous?
the one with the highest Surface temperature.
Astronomer looks at the spectrum from the ground, and from above the earths atmosphere, how will the results differ?
The above atmosphere telescope will be different because he will observe absorption spectrum.
The light gathered with a telescope on the ground would be missing lines because the earths atmosphere contains density clouds that can block the observations
HR diagram
in the local group of galaxies the most common are
dwarf elliptical galaxies
Astronomers thing that the energy source fueling milky way, quasars, active galactic nuclei is
a super massive black hole.
quasars produce a lot of
energy in a small amount of time
what type of shifts do quasars have
large red shifts
astronomers measure quasars distance by measuring
redshift of emission lines
astronomers think the ______ was made the most during the big bang
helium nucleus
when the sun runs out of hydrogen in its core it will become.....
a white dwarf then a red giant
during the main sequence stage a star
fuses hydrogen to helium in its core
a solar mass neutron star is the size of
sylva
a violent explosion involving only the sufrace layers of a white dwarf star in a binary sytem is a
nova
An explosion in a massive star after fusion reactions have produced an iron core is a
type two supernova
neutron stars that are rotating very rapidly are
Pulsars
A star between 1.4, 2 and 3 solar masses will become a
Neutron star
the escape velocity in a black hole is ______ than the speed of light
greater
Describe some properties of black holes
impossible to escape
they dont "suck"
to escape, we would have to travel faster tahn the speed of light
Its layers are the schwarzchild radius,
the photonic layer,
event horizion
If a black hole moved towards our soular system and the sun fell in, Earths orbit would not change but there would be no light and heat on earth.
How do stars form
star form from clouds of interstelluar gas and dust,
gas cloud collapses and prevents gravity from giving much pressure
The cloud reserving all its energy and truns into a protostar. The protostar reserves its total angular momentum and spins really fast. Disks and jets are emitted from the protostar. astronomers believe the jets and disks are flat, becuase of this, it helps clear out unesecasrry junk in order for the star to function
The universe is expanding and will eventually collapse on itself and start expanding again. which cosmology is this?
Oscillating universe
how old is the universe according to the big bang theory?
13.7 billion
the universe is expanding but the average density is remaning the same because hydrogen atoms appear in the empty space to fill in gaps. which cosmology is this?
the steady state cosmology
properties of active galaxies
(1) High Luminosity,
(2) Nonthermal Spectra that do not look like the sum of many stellar spectra,
(3) Most of the luminosity is in a region of the spectrum other than optical (e.g., radio, UV, Infrared),
(4) bright, star-like nucleus,
(5) strong emission lines (most),
(6) rapid variability, and sometimes (7) radio jets.

The central region of an active galaxy is called an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). This is where the energtic activity is concentrated. The active galactic nuclei are believed to contain supermassive black holes that power the nonstellar phenomena associated with active galaxies.
stage of a solar mass star
the star runs out of fuel. it has helium burning shell. the core becomes hydrogen-helium burning reaction, then the star becomes a white dwarf, then red giant.
the star runs out of fuel. it has helium burning shell. the core becomes hydrogen-helium burning reaction, then the star becomes a white dwarf, then red giant.
nova that occurs when a white dwarf is more thar 1.4 solar masses, it turns into a neutron star or a black hole if it exceeds the chandarsachar limit.
Type 1
nova that ocurs when a star explodes, the production of iron occurs and gets very heavy reaching the chandasakar limit
type 2
hubbles data concluded
hubbles data concluded
the universe is expanding
properties of quasars
thye take a lot of energy in a small amount of time
they are fueled by black holes
measuring the, helps determine distances of other galaxies
galaxy types
a planet _______ when it moves closer to sun in its orbit
speed up