Astronomy Chapter 18

Front 1

All Jovian planets have ___?

Back 1

Satellite systems

Front 2

Regular Satellites

Back 2

Large and orbit relatively close to parent planet

Formed where they are

Front 3

Irregular Satellites

Back 3

Smaller than regular satellites

Generally far from parent planet, mostly captured objects

Front 4

Liquid Metallic Hydrogen

Back 4

Jupiter's interior mostly this

Liquid hydrogen under very high pressure

Very good conductor of electricity

Front 5

Jupiter's magnetic field is over ____ stronger than Earth's

Back 5

10x due to liquid metallic hydrogen

Front 6

Magnetosphere

Back 6

Magnetic Field deflects solar wind and dominates a volume of space around the planet

Front 7

Jupiter's center contains a "__________" core

Back 7

Rocky (Heavier elements)

Front 8

Jupiter atmosphere is _____ rich

Back 8

Hydrogen

Front 9

Visible clouds are composed of __________

Back 9

Ammonia crystals

Front 10

4 Main moons of Jupiter are called?

Back 10

Galilean Moons

Almost certainly formed with Jupiter

Front 11

Ganymede

Back 11

Differentiated (Rocky/metallic core and lower density icy exterior)

Largest moon in solar system

Front 12

Grooved Terrains (Ganymede)

Back 12

Younger, brighter system of faults in brittle crust

Evidence that may have been geographically active in the past

Front 13

Callisto

Back 13

Partly differentiated

Front 14

Callisto may have ______ under crust

Back 14

liquid water as evidenced by interactions with Jupiter's magnetic field

Front 15

Callisto surface appearance?

Back 15

Appears old because it is heavily cratered and very dark

Front 16

Europa

Back 16

Mostly rock, with thin icy crust

3g/cm^3

Front 17

Europa contains very few _______?

Back 17

Craters --> Suggests may be an active world

Front 18

Europa may have _________

Back 18

Liquid water

Front 19

Io

Back 19

Innermost of moons

3.6g/cm^3

Densest moon

Front 20

Io has over 100 _______ on its surface

Back 20

Volcanic vents --> Sulfur rich gas and ash fall back on surface --> No impact craters

Front 21

Tidal Heating (Io)

Back 21

Volcanism is driven by this

Gravitational pull from Jupiter flexes Io, resulting in friction heating the interior

Front 22

Outer Gossamer (Jupiter Rings)

Back 22

Largest, faintest rings

Front 23

Forward Scattering

Back 23

Very bright when illuminated from behind

Large particles do not scatter light forward

Front 24

Roche limit

Back 24

Rings orbit inside this

Minimum distance moon can approach planet without being torn apart by tidal forces

Limit is ~2.4x planet's radius

Front 25

Saturn Features

Back 25

Has belts and zones (less visible than Jupiter as they occur deeper in atmosphere)

Less dense than water

Front 26

Saturn's Magnetic Field?

Back 26

Less metallic liquid hydrogen --> Weaker magnetic field

Front 27

Radiates ______ energy than it receives from the sun

Back 27

More

Front 28

Titan (Saturn moon)

Back 28

Largest moon

Rocky core under thick mantle of ice

So cold gas molecules can't escape

Front 29

2 Moons of Saturn

Back 29

Titan and Enceladus

Front 30

A B and C Saturn Rings

Back 30

A and B ring particles are size of golf balls to dust size ice crystals

C is boulder sized, less than half as bright

Front 31

Shepherd Satellites

Back 31

Gravitational effects of small moons confined from straying outwards

Front 32

Origin of Saturn Rings

Back 32

Debris from occasional impacts of meteoroids, asteroids, and comets on Saturn's icy moons

Front 33

Uranus Features

Back 33

Never grew large enough to capture gas (less hydrogen and helium)

Rotates on its side, equator inclined 98 degrees to its orbit

Hydrogen and helium atmosphere --> Traces of methane absorbs red light

Front 34

Miranda (Uranus' Moon)

Back 34

Surface marked by grooves called ovoids

Caused by internal heat driving convection in icy mantle

Old and moon is no longer geographically active

Front 35

Occultations

Back 35

Passage of a planet in front of a star during which rings momentarily blocked the star's light

Front 36

Neptune Features

Back 36

1.5x more methane than Uranus --> Absorbs more red

Slushy mantle of water, ices, and rocky materials

Active cloud formation

Retrograde orbit

Front 37

Neptune's Moons

Back 37

Nereid --> Large, elliptical orbit

Triton

Front 38

Criteria for full planet status

Back 38

Large enough that its gravity pulled it into a spherical shape

Large enough to dominate and gravitationally clear its orbital region of most or all other objects over a span of billions of years

Front 39

Dwarf Planets

Back 39

Large enough to be spherical, but not able to gravitationally clear its orbital region

Front 40

Plutinos

Back 40

Kuiper belt objects caught with Pluto in a 3:2 resonance with Neptune (Orbits sun twice while Neptune orbits 3x)