Astronomy

Front 1

Constellations are close clusters of stars, all at about the same distance from the sun.

Back 1

False. The stars are all in the same part of the sky, but their distances can vary greatly.

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Front 2

From the South Pole, Polaris would appear directly overhead.

Back 2

False. Polaris would appear directly overhead from the North Pole


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Front 3

The new moon rises at sunset, and sets at sunrise.

Back 3

False The new moon rises at sunrise and sets at sunset. The full moon rises at sunset and sets at
sunrise.
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Front 4

From first quarter moon to third quarter moon takes about a week.

Back 4

False. From first quarter to third quarter takes about two weeks.


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Front 5

At apogee the moon is at its farthest from earth and thus appears smaller than normal. Because
of this it can produce only annular solar eclipses, but not total solar eclipses.

Back 5

True.

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Front 6

Which of the choices below correctly lists things in order from largest to smallest?

Back 6

Universe, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System


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Front 7

While watching the Moon, you see it moves 15 degrees across the sky. How long have you been
watching it?

Back 7

1 hour


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Front 8

Which statement about Right Ascension is FALSE?

A)Its origin is the Vernal Equinox.
B)It is measured eastward in units of time.
C)Each hour is equal to 15 degrees of sky.
D)It is very similar to latitude on the Earth. (It is similar to longitude.)
E)It turns the sky into a vast 24 hour clock face.

Back 8

It is very similar to latitude on the Earth. (It is similar to longitude.)

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Front 9

The place the Sun stops its northward motion along the ecliptic is the:

Back 9

Summer Solstice

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Front 10

Which statement about the length of a day is FALSE?
A)At the North Pole, the day lasts six months, then six months of night.
B)For the United States, the longest day occurs on or about June 21.
C)The sidereal day includes both the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun. (The
solar day includes both; the sidereal day only includes the Earth’s rotation.)
D)At the equator, every day is twelve hours long, then twelve hours of night.
E)The solar day is four minutes longer than the sidereal one.

Back 10

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Oh, and the answer is
C)The sidereal day includes both the Earth's rotation and revolution around the Sun. (The
solar day includes both; the sidereal day only includes the Earth’s rotation.)

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Front 11

A year is defined as

Back 11

the time it takes for Earth to complete an orbit around the Sun.

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Front 12

That Polaris will not always be the pole star is due to

Back 12

precession shifting the celestial pole.

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Front 13

If you are in the Moon's umbral shadow, then you will witness

Back 13

A total solar eclipse

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Front 14

Why is there a two day difference in the sidereal and synodic months?

Back 14

The Earth is also revolving around the Sun, so the Moon must "catch up".

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Front 15

When the Moon is at a right angle (90°) to the Sun in the sky, its phase is

Back 15

first or third quarter.

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Front 16

In Ptolemy's geocentric model retrograde motion is explained by the Earth catching up and
passing a planet.

Back 16

False. This is how heliocentric models explain retrograde motion. In Ptolemy’s geocentric model,
retrograde motion is explained by the planet moving on a small circle (the epicycle) which moves
around a large circle (the deferent).

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Front 17

Galileo's observations of sunspots proved the Sun was rotating, like the Earth.

Back 17

True

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Front 18

As originally stated, the Copernican model did a better job of predicting planetary behavior
han did the Ptolemaic one.

Back 18

False. They were equally able to predict planetary behavior. Neither model agreed with Tycho
Brahe’s observations.

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Front 19

Kepler based his theories on the precise planetary observations of Tycho Brahe.

Back 19

True.

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Front 20

It the size of a planet were doubled while its mass remained constant, its surface gravity would
become four times stronger

Back 20

False. Since the force of gravity is inversely proportional to distance, the planet’s surface gravity
would be 22 = 4 times weaker.

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Front 21

The Ptolemaic model of the universe:

Back 21

explained and predicted the motions of the planets with deferents and epicycles.

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Front 22

Which of the statements below is part of both the Ptolemaic and Copernican models?
A)Epicycles are needed to explain retrograde motion of the planets.
B)The Earth orbits the Sun once a year.
C)The Sun lies in the center of the Cosmos.
D)The Moon orbits the Earth once a month.
E)Venus' epicycle must always lie between us and the Sun.

Back 22

The Moon orbits the Earth once a month.

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Front 23

It took two centuries for the Copernican model to replace the Ptolemaic model because

Back 23

there was no scientific evidence to support one model over the other until Galileo made
his observations.

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Front 24

Which of the following is a contribution to astronomy made by Galileo?
A)The Moon has craters, mountain, valleys, and dark flat areas on its surface.
B)The astronomical telescope can show us far more detail than the eye can.
C)Jupiter has four moons orbiting it.
D)Venus appears almost fully lit when it lies on the far side of the Sun.
E)all of the above

Back 24

All of the above

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Front 25

Kepler's first law worked, where Copernicus' original heliocentric model failed, because Kepler
described the orbits as

Back 25

elliptical, not circular.

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Front 26

Kepler's second law implies what about planetary motion?

Back 26

A planet moves faster when it is closer to the Sun.

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Front 27

What does Kepler's third law imply about planetary motion?

Back 27

Planets further from the Sun orbit at a slower speed than planets closer to the Sun.


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Front 28

The force of gravity between two objects:

Back 28

increases with the masses of the objects, but decreases with the square of the distances
between them.


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Front 29

According to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, if the Moon were three times further from
Earth, the force by Earth on the Moon would

Back 29

decrease by a factor of 9.


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Front 30

Escape velocity is the speed required to

Back 30

overcome the gravitational pull of an object.


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Front 31

The solar system contains eight major bodies called planets and thousands of smaller bodies
including comets and asteroids

Back 31

True


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Front 32

Astronomers have not yet been able to detect planets outside our solar system.

Back 32

False


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Front 33

Terrestrial planets have low mass and low density.

Back 33

False. Terrestrial planets have low mass and high density.


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Front 34

All terrestrial planets have global magnetic fields.

Back 34

False. Mars and Venus don’t have global magnetic fields.



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Front 35

All the jovian planets have rings.

Back 35

True


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Front 36

Which planet by itself contains the majority of mass of all the planets?

Back 36

Jupiter


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Front 37

Planetary orbits

Back 37

are almost circular, with low eccentricities.

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Front 38

How do the densities of the jovian and terrestrial planets compare?

Back 38

All terrestrials are more dense than any of the jovians

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Front 39

Which of the following are the jovian planets?

Back 39

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only

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Front 40

Which characteristic listed below describes the jovian planets?

Back 40

low density

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Front 41

Most asteroids are found:

Back 41

between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

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Front 42

The difference between a meteoroid and an asteroid is the object's

Back 42

size.

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Front 43

Which of the following have an icy composition?

Back 43

comets

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Front 44

The Kuiper Belt is found where in the solar system?

Back 44

beyond the orbit of Neptune

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Front 45

As the solar nebula contracted due to gravitation, the cloud...

Back 45

spun faster and formed a disk.

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Front 46

Seismic waves give us information about Earth's interior.

Back 46

True.

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Front 47

The hydrosphere covers about 50% of the Earth's crust.

Back 47

False. It covers over 70% of the Earth’s crust

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Front 48

Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has large amounts of oxygen in its atmosphere.

Back 48

True

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Front 49

The ozone layer blocks much of the Sun's infrared radiation.

Back 49

False. It blocks much of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

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Front 50

In noting that Earth is "differentiated," we mean that:

Back 50

the iron and nickel core is denser than the silicate mantle and crust

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Front 51

What gas is the primary constituent of our atmosphere?

Back 51

nitrogen

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Front 52

Without the greenhouse effect operating in our atmosphere,

Back 52

The oceans would freeze.

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Front 53

When two tectonic plates collide:

Back 53

they continue moving, producing a variety of large deformations.

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Front 54

Within Earth's atmosphere, in which layer does weather occur?

Back 54

the troposphere

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Front 55

The Cascade volcanoes are due to

Back 55

a denser oceanic plate being subducted under a continental plate.

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Front 56

Mercury has the widest variation in surface temperatures between night and day of any planet
n the solar system.

Back 56

True (due to its lack of atmosphere and slow rotation).

Front 57

The orbit of Mercury is more elliptical than that of any other terrestrial planet.

Back 57

True.

Front 58

The scarps on Mercury are extremely similar to the cratered lunar highlands in appearance.

Back 58

False. The scarps are giant cliffs, completely unlike the heavily cratered lunar highlands.

Front 59

Most of the Moon's craters are due to volcanism.

Back 59

False. Most are impact craters.

Front 60

Mercury is very hard to observe from Earth because:

Back 60

B)it never gets more than 28 degrees from the Sun's glare.

Front 61

Mercury's surface most resembles that of which other body?

Back 61

Moon

Front 62

What is true of the lunar highlands?

Back 62

They are the oldest part of the lunar surface.

Front 63

Which statement about the rotations of the Moon and Mercury is FALSE?
A)On Mercury, three days exactly equal two years.
B)On the Moon, each "day" lasts about 15 earth days of constant sunlight.
C)Our Moon is in a 1:1 synch with the Earth, keeping the same side toward us.
D)Mercury is in the 3:2 synch with the Sun, with the same side Sunward at perihelion.
E)Like our Moon, Mercury does not rotate at all, keeping the same side facing the Sun.

Back 63

E)Like our Moon, Mercury does not rotate at all, keeping the same side facing the Sun.

Front 64

The average rate of erosion on the Moon is far less than on Earth because

Back 64

the Moon lacks wind, water and an atmosphere.

Front 65

How does Mercury's magnetic field compare to our own?

Back 65

It is 1/100th as strong as ours, but does deflect the solar wind to some degree.

Front 66

Comparing the densities of the Moon and Mercury, we find:

Back 66

the Moon's is similar to Earth's crust, while Mercury's is similar to the entire Earth.

Front 67

The youngest features visible with telescopes on the Moon are:

Back 67

the craters sitting atop the mare.

Front 68

The scarps on Mercury were probably caused by

Back 68

the interior cooling and shrinking.

Front 69

Which of these theories seems to best explain the Moon's origin?
A)Capture Theory
B)Fusion Theory
C)Coformation Theory
D)Fission Theory
E)Impact Theory

Back 69

Impact Theory

Front 70

What did Galileo discover about the moon?

Back 70

It has mountains and craters

Front 71

Where are most asteroids found?

Back 71

Between the orbits of mars and jupiter.

Front 72

The orbits of the planets are perfect circles in which model(s)?

Back 72

Copernicus and Ptolemy

Front 73

Earth is the center of the solar system in which model(s)?

Back 73

Ptolemy

Front 74

Which model(s) agreed with Tycho Brahe's observations of the positions of the planets?

Back 74

Neither

Front 75

Planets only appear to move backwards in which model(s)?

Back 75

Copernicus

Front 76

What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere?

Back 76

nitrogen

Front 77

What property of Mercury leads us to believe it has a very large core?

Back 77

its density

Front 78

According to plate tectonics, where are ocean trenches found?

Back 78

subduction zones; where one plate moves under another.

Front 79

What are the youngest features on the Moon that are visible with telescopes?

Back 79

the craters on the maria

Front 80

What is one way astronomers locate objects in the sky?

Back 80

constellations; celestial coordinates

Front 81

which planets have widely spaced orbits?

Back 81

Jovian planets

Front 82

Which planets have high density and low mass?

Back 82

Terrestial

Front 83

Which planets have solid surfaces?

Back 83

Terrestrial

Front 84

Which planets have rings?

Back 84

Jovian

Front 85

What protects Earths surface from particles in the solar wind?

Back 85

the magnetosphere

Front 86

What is the dark side of the moon?

Back 86

the side that faces away from the sun

Front 87

According to plate tectonics, where are rift zones?

Back 87

where plates move apart

Front 88

What is the declination of the north celestial pole?

Back 88

90 degrees

Front 89

Which theory of the Moon's origin agrees best with the observations?

Back 89

impact theory

Front 90

Which terrestrial planets do not have moons?

Back 90

Mercury and Venus

Front 91

According to Kepler, what shape are planetary orbits?

Back 91

ellipses

Front 92

What protects Earth's surface from ultraviolet radiation?

Back 92

the ozone layer

Front 93

Why is it difficult to view Mercury from Earth?

Back 93

Mercury is always close to the sun.

Front 94

According to the dynamo theory, which part of Earth's interior generates its magnetic field?

Back 94

its liquid outer core

Front 95

How long does it take a star to move 15 degrees across the sky?

Back 95

1 hour

Front 96

If the mass of an object were doubled, what would happen to its gravity? Be specific.

Back 96

it would double

Front 97

Which planet has the most eccentric and tilted orbit?

Back 97

Mercury

Front 98

According to plate tectonics, what is one thing that can happen when plates collide?

Back 98

crumple and form mountain ranges; one can slide under the other (subduction)

Front 99

Why does Mercury experience extreme differences in temperature between day and night?

Back 99

It has no atmosphere

Front 100

What are the places where the Sun crosses the celestial equator called?

Back 100

the equinoxes

Front 101

In what part of a planet's orbit does it move the fastest?

Back 101

when it is nearest the sun (perihelion)

Front 102

What is an extrasolar planet?

Back 102

a planet that is not in our solar system

Front 103

What would Earth be like without the greenhouse effect?

Back 103

much colder, frozen oceans

Front 104

How do we know that the lunar highlands are older than the lunar maria?

Back 104

the highlands are more heavily cratered than the maria; radioactive dating of lunar rocks

Front 105

What motion of the Earth causes the celestial poles to shift?

Back 105

precession