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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primeval Atmosphere
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1st atmosphere made of gases from solar nebula
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Kuiper Belt
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disk of icey planetesiimals
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Dust Disk
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*cold, low density
*debris left over by comets or collisions *evidence of planetary systems |
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Comets-composition
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ice
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Secondary Atmosphere
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current atmosphere
78%N 21% O2 |
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Asteroids
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(between Mars and Jupiter)
*irregular cratered objects *low density (not solid) |
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Pressure Waves
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(earthquake waves)
can travel through liquid |
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Meteroites-IRON
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nickel, iron
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Accretion
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solid particles collide and stick to one another
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Comets-origon
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long pd-randomly inclinded orbits
short pd- w/ in 30 degrees of the plane of the solar system |
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Hot Spots
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rising magnma rises through the mantle, pokes through and creates volcanoes
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Oort Cloud
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spherical cloud of icy bodies
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Relative Ages
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can tell which feature formed first, but not its age
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Comets-coma
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halo of gas and dust surrounding nucleus
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Terrestrial Planets
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*small size, low mass
*dese, rocky solid surfaces *heavy gas atmospheres *slow rotators *close to the sun |
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Meteor Showers
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Earth pases through trail and partilces fall toward Earth
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Differentiation
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seperation of planetary material according to density
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Terraforming Mars
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*no magnetic field
*lava flows smoothed out Northern Hemisphere *thick crust |
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Radioactive Dating
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*mineral sample containing radioactive atoms which decay into daughter atoms
*percentage of radioactive and daughter atoms in the mineral EARTH-4.3-4.4 billion years old MOON-4.48 billion years MARS- 4.5 billion years METEORITES-4.6 billion years SOLAR SYSTEM-4.6 billion years |
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Meterorites-STONY
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chards of glass
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Planetesimals
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baby planets that dont have enough gravity to hold an atmosphere
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Comets-tails
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gas and dust
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Jovian Planets
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*large and massive
*low density, huge gaseous atmospheres *rotate fast *many moons *rings |
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Stellar Motions
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detected through Doppler Shifts
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Ratiation Pressure
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light from the Sun exerted pressure on the particles, pushing them out of our solar system
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Midocean Rise
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location where planets are spreading apart
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Evidence of Extrasolar Planets
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*detection of dust
*detection of stellar motions |
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Fission Hypothesis
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moon broke from Earth
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Side to Side Waves
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can't travel through liquid
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Highlands
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heavily cratered reigons (older)
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Protoplanets
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*larger planetesimals
*able to hold an atmosphere 2 MODELS OF PLANET BUILDING: *temp held constant during planet formation *temp decreases over time |
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Condensation Sequence
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*different materials condense from a gas into grains at different temperatures
*different materials condense at different distances from the Sun CLOSE TO THE SUN- metal oxides, pure metals FARTHER OUT-silicates and rocky material OUTER REIGONS-ices (condense the fastest) |
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Maria
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lowland plains (younger)
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Planetary Developement
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*differentiation produces a dense core, thick mantle, and low density crust
*young Earth heavily bombarded *flood of molton lava |
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Earths Layers
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1. inner core
2. liquid core 3. mantle |
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Condensation Hypothesis
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Earth and moon condensed from the same cloud
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Magnetic Field
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generated by moving charged particles in the core
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Large-Impact Hypothesis
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Moon formed when a planetesimal hit Earth
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Subduction Zone
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trench where one plate slides under another
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Solar Nebula Theory
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*rotating cloud of dust and gas contracts and flattens
*forms a thin disk of gas and dust around the forming sun at the center *planets grow in from the gas and dust int eh disk and are left behind when the dust clears |
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Condensation
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atoms of a gas hit dust grains and stick, adding mass to the particle
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Capture Hypothesis
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Moon formed elsewhere and was captured by Earths gravity
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Tidal Coupling
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Earth's gravity keeps same side of the moon facing earth
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Solar Wind
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a flow of atoms form the suns upper atmosphere also help push particles out of the solar system
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