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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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earth venus and mars all have what in their atmosphere
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carbon dioxide
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what is the cloests planet to the sun?
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mercury
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mercury has how many moons?
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none
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a special relationship between the rotation period and the orbital period of mercury
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spin-orbit coupling
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venus's day to venus's year - which one is longer?
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venus's day
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earth venus and mars all have what in their atmosphere
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carbon dioxide
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what is the cloests planet to the sun?
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mercury
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mercury has how many moons?
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none
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a special relationship between the rotation period and the orbital period of mercury
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spin-orbit coupling
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venus's day to venus's year - which one is longer?
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venus's day
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volcanic mountain called maxwell montes is found on what planet
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venus
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venus is hotter htan mercury because ______
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greenhouse effect
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what 2 properties does earth and mars have that is similar
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rotation period nad inclination of hte rotation axis to hte ecliptic
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surface rocks on mars have a lot more ____and ____than rocks on earth
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silican and iron
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the polar caps on mars re made up mostly of what?
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frozen co2
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mars has volcanic mountains that are ____ than earth
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larger
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why do jupiter and saturn have a banded appearance
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differential rotation and region where gas is rising and falling
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jupiter's gravitation influences cuases ____ of the rotation of axis of ____
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precession ---- mars
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saturn's atmosphere is most similar to the atmosphere of ____
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mars
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jupiters gravitational influences causes gaps in the _____
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asteroid belt
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what ahs volcanos that are still active today?
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Io
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____ and _____ have enormous oceans of water beneath their surfaces
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europa gaynmede
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saturn's atmosohere is most similar to the atmosphere of ____
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jupiter
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small objects are ripped apart by what?
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tidal forces within the roche limit of a planet
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saturns rings contain a large gap called
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cassini division
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The encke gap has an orbital resonance with the moon called
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mimas
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titan is special because it has a thick atmosphere comosed mostly of what?
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nitrogen
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what did hte cassini satellite discover about enceladus
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has atmosohere and ice volcanos
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the hugens probe studied the atmospheres of ( )
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saturns moons
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was it possibel to send the cassini satellite through saturns ringts without it being damanges?
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yes
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uranus and neptune have a blue green color because
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the presence of methane in hte atmosphere that absorbs red light
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uranus has how many major moons
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five
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uranus has a rotation axis that is tilted by __ degreesq
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98
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uranus has rings that were discovered by the
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stellar occulation
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uranus has a _______ magnetic field
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off centered
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neptune was discovered because o its gravitational effect on the obrit of ______
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uranus
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there are cyclones in neptunes atmosphere similar to those on
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jupiter
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neptune has a ____ring system with ____Rings than saturn
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small--- less
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largest moon of neptune -describe atmosphere
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contains nitrogen
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dwarf planets orbit the sun ____
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directly
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dwarf planets are ___ in shape
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round
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dwarf planets _____ cleared teh region near their orbits
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have not
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ceres pluto eris haumea and makemake
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dwarf planets
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the kuiper belt or hte class of transneptunian objects is located
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30 AU to 100 AU from the sun
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asteroids are rocky objects with diametrs as much as
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1000 km
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the craters on the moon were all formed by
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impact cratering
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craters on earth formed by
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impact cratering and volcanic craters
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the gulf of mexico was created by
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impact of giant asteroid that led to extinction of dionsaurs
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meteor
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trail of light seen when a rock is oxidized and vaporized b eh earths atmosphere
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solid material that travels through tesolar sysem
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meteoroid
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rock from space that strikes the surface of the earth
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meteorite
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comets contain fragments of complect molecules
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true
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comets contain
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heavy metal
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comets do not contain
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fragments of simple molecules
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comet tails - how many tails
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atleast 2
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comets contain ____ atoms
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light
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the oort cloud is located
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1000 au to 50000 au
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how is the gas tail formed
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effect of solar wind on the particles
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fluoroescence is the process by which
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uv radiation is converted to visible light in a cometq
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sublimation is the process by which
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material in a comet changes from solid to gas in one step
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long period comets come from what
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oort cloud
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long period comets have highly _____ orbits
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elliptical
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interplanetary dust does not come from
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the gas tails of comets
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light takes only ____ to travel from sun to earth
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8 minutes
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sunspots appear darker than their surroundings because
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their magnetic fields suppress energy flow
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sunspots appear darker than their surroundings because
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they are cooler than surroundings
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sunspots always form in
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pairs
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sunspots have _____ magnetic fields
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very strong
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the basic sunspot cycle in the butterfy diagram lasts
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11 years
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granulation cells are associated with
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convective motions of gases in the upper part of the suns interior
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the temperature of thes un's corona is
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a few million K
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prominences are
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enormous arcs of hot gas that move along the magnetic field
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a coronal mass ejection is
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a bundle of gas that is released during a flare
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how many days does a coronal mass ejection take to reach earth
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3 to 5
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cornal mass eject is thrown off the _____ when a magnetic field line is broken
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sun
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the solar wind escapes from the sun through
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coronal holes
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energy is produced in the sun when
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hydrogen is coverted to helium
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solar neutrinos
observed vs predicted |
fewer have been observed than predicted
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difference between stellar spectra are mainly caused by differences in
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surface temperature
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the kepler satellite will be searching for ________ planets beyond our solar system
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earth-like
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cassini satellite used radar for 4 yrs to study the windy patterns on ____
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titan
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what 3 major astronomical event occurred
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one of equinoxes occurred, sun rose in the exact direction of geographic east and the sun crossed the celestial equator in sky
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the most important property of a star is its
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mass
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the absolute brightness of a star is the
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aparent brightness at a distance of 10 pc
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temp of star can be forund from 3 things
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blackbody curve, spectral type and stefan boltzman law
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the radius of a star can be calculated from the stefan-boltzmann law if both ___ and ___ are known
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st and luminosity
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russel vogt theorem states the properties of a star at any given age depend entirely on the star's
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mass and chemical composition
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RR Lyrae and Cepheid variable stars
--> size |
increase and decrease in size every day
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what are rrr lyrae and cepheid variable stars called
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pulsating stars
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perod luminosity relation for cepheid variables shows that
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luminosity increases ad hte pulsation period increases
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radar can be used to measure distances
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within solar system
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distances to nearby stars can be found using
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stellar parallax
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cepheid variable stars can be used to measure distances out to ____
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25 Mpc
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spectroscopic parallax is used to measure distances of stars that are as far as _____.
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10,000 pc
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how can u observe cyclic doppler shifts of the spectral lines
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spectroscopic binary
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how can you view orbits of both stars
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visual binary
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one star periodically blocks the light form its companion star in a _____ binary
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eclipsing
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why can only observe the orbit of one star in an astrometric binary
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because the companion star is not bright enough to be seen
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the hertzsprung-russel diagram is a plt of
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luminosity versus spectral type
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main sequence on H-Rdiagram is the place where
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only dwarf stars are found
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stars like our sun and most stars are found on
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the main sequence on the h-r diagram
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stars on main sequence of h-r diagram
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are all burning hydrogen in their cores
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cool stars have ___ mass and ____ liftimes
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lower -- long
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hot stars are found on
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upper main sequence
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in hot stars hydrogen is converted to helium by
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CNO cycle
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proton proton chain is a
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fission reaction
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CNO cycle is a
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fusion reaction
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cool stars, hydrogen is converted to helium b the
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p-p chain
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the alpha particle is a ____ nucleus
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helium
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in the s-process, new atoms are made by capturing neutrons____.
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slowly
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during alpha capture how are new atoms made
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adding an alpha particle
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helium is converted to what in triple-alpha reaction
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carbon
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the luminosity class of a star tells us the
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size of a star
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why do star clusters provide excellent tests for tehories of stellar evolution
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the stars in a cluster formed roughly at the same time from the same interstellar material so they all have the same age
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why does a star like the sun evolved away from the main sequence
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it converts all the hydrogen tin the core to helium btu the temp is not high enough to burn helium
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the main sequence turn-off point for a cluster is used to determine what?
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clusters age
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rr lyrae variable stars are what kind of stars
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pulsating stars
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most massive stars usually end up as:
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black holes or neutron stars
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expanding gas cloud that was ejected bya star
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planetary nebula
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rapidly rotating neutron star
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pulsar
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radius of neutron star
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10km
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neutron star composed of:
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degenerate neutrons
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stellar remnant that has collapsed and has infinite density and zero size
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black hole
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s[here around black hole within which light and matter are trapped
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event horizon
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schwarzchild raduis
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radius of hte event horizon
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type I supernovae occurs in ____ system
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binary star system
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type 2 supernovae happens because:
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nuclear reactions in the core of a massive single star
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semi-detached binary
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only one star fills its roche lobe
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place where roche lobes touch
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inner lagrangian point
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