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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 major pulmonary diseases |
COPD Asthma |
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2 subcategories of COPD, cuases, pathophysiology |
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Asthma is a 1 marked by 2 and 3 |
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What are the signs of Asthma? |
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T/F Asthma is an obstructive disease |
T |
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What R types are found in SM airways that are relevant to Asthma? |
Parasympathetic M receptors |
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What is the most important muscarinic receptor? |
M3 |
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What activates M3 R and what does it cause? |
AcH Bronchoconstriction |
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What sympathetic R are found in bronchial SM? |
Beta R |
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What does activation of Beta receptors in Bronchial Sm cause? |
Relax Bronchial SM |
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In hyperressponsive asthma, what are the effects on Nocireceptor and Neuron involvement (6) |
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Where do irritants act on the upper airway |
Myelinated fibers |
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Where do irritants act on the lower airway |
C fiber receptors |
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6 Common irritants of airways |
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Allergens are marked by what 2 types of responses |
Hypersensitivity Hyperresponsiveness |
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3 Characteristics of Asthma |
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T/F Asthma airway construction is completely reversible? |
T |
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T/F COPD is completely reversible |
F; however partial reverse with Bronchodilators |
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What T cells are activated in Asthmatic patients? Healthy individuals? |
Asthmatic - Th2 Healthy - Th1 |
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What inflammatory cells are activated in asthmatics, via Th2 |
Eosinophil Mast Cells Plasma Cells |
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What are 4 effects of inflammatory cells on airways |
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*Airway SM contraction: Hypersensitive vs Normal |
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*Airway SM contraction: Hyperreactive vs Normal |
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* Airway SM contraction: Asthmatic/Hyperresponsive |
(double!) |
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Pathophysiology of Asthma |
Increased Th2 in bronchial mucosa |
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What 2 things happens when Th2 cytokines are released in bronchial mucosa |
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What does Omalizumab |
Blocks IgE from Plasma Cells for asthma cascade |
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What are the 2 mechanisms for treating Asthma |
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MOA of Zileuton |
5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor |
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What does Zileuton prevent the formation of |
LTA4 |
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MOA of Aspirin in Asthma |
Prevents formation of Prostaglandins from AA. (COX Inhib) |
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What is the major player in asthma |
Leukotrienes |
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MOA of Montekulast/Zafirlukast |
LTE C4, D4, E4 R blocker |
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What is the name of the R that Montekulast/Zafirlukast blocks |
CysLT1 |
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What is the role of LTB4 and where does it bind? |
BLT1 on Leukocytes Chemotaxis |
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Binding of LT on airway results in what 3 effects? |
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Phase 1 of Asthma is also called |
Immediate Phase; initial response to antigen |
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Mast cells release what 3 factors/mediators during the Immediate phase of Asthma |
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T/F the Hyper-reactivity in asthmatic attacks occurs in the initial phase |
F; Late phase |
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What causes the hyper-reactivity? |
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T/F It is best to use Non-selective COX or COX 1 inhibitors during Aspirin sensitive asthma |
F; COX2 Inhibitors |
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Samter's Triad |
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MOA of Aspirin induced asthma |
AA cascade --> increased LT |
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3 Classes of Bronchodilators |
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3 Anti-Inflammation drugs (asthma) |
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2 Anticholinergic drugs |
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MOA of Anti-chol drugs |
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T/F It is best NOT to combine B2 or when B2 contraindicated |
F; combination therapy best B2 contraindicated during arrhythmia |
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SE of Anti-chols |
Dry Mouth GI |
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T/F AcH causes bronchodilation |
F; bronchoconstriction |
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ROA of Anti-chols |
Inhalation |
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5 Beta Agonists. Which is long acting? |
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4 SE of Beta Agonists |
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2 Phosphodiestersase Inhibitors |
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MOA of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 Prevents degredation of cAMP |
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4 SE of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors |
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Anti-inflammatory/Immunosuppressive Agents: 3 Corticosteroids |
Corticosteroids
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T/F Anti-inflammatory agents/Immunosuppressants are used for acute asthma attacks |
F; Beta agonists are |
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MOA of Anti-inflams (Corticosteroids) |
Alter gene expression (ILs, TNF, COX, Phospholipase A2) |
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4 SE of Anti-inflams (Corticosteroids) |
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Anti-inflammatory/Immunosuppressive Agents: 2 Cromolyns |
Cromolyn Nedcormil |
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Use of Cromolyn |
Prevent future asthma attacks |
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MOA of Cromolyns |
Inhibit immediate effects; mast cell stabilizer |
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SE of Cromolyns |
Local irritant; inhalant |
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3 LT Pathway Modifying Agents |
Zileuton Montelukast Zafirlukast |
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SE of LT Pathway Modifying Agents |
Fatigue, Dyspepsia, Headache |
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When is it best to take inhaler for exercise induced asthma |
Before |
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Best Treatment protocol for asthma |
Lung Function test: Peak Flows |