Ass. 91 - Made Ridiculously Simple

Front 1

(E transcription) Polymerase I makes

Back 1

rRNA

Front 2

(E transcription) Polymerase II makes

Back 2

mRNA

Front 3

(E transcription) Polymerase III makes

Back 3

tRNA

Front 4

mRNA processing of eukaryotic RNA

Back 4

5'-cap
Poly A tail
Introns removed and exons spliced together

Front 5

What direction is DNA new strand made in DNA replication

Back 5

5' --> 3'

Front 6

(P replication) Polymerase III job

Back 6

Replicates both parental strands
Proofreads
3' exonuclease

Front 7

(P replication) Polymerase I job

Back 7

Removes primer and fills in gaps w/ DNA (5' exonuclease)

Front 8

(P replication) Polymerase II job

Back 8

DNA repair (3' exonuclease)

Front 9

(E replication) delta polymerase

Back 9

Makes leading strand
(No proofreading, no exonuclease)

Front 10

(E replication) alpha polymerase

Back 10

Makes lagging strand
Primase activity

Front 11

(E replication) Beta & epsilon polymerase

Back 11

DNA repair (3' exonuclease)

Front 12

(E replication) gamma polymerase

Back 12

mitochondrial DNA polymerase

Front 13

What tissue does adenomas and carcinomas arise from

Back 13

Ecto- or endoderm

Front 14

What tissues does sarcomas and fibromas arise from

Back 14

Mesoderm

Front 15

Ectoderm becomes what

Back 15

Neural tube --> CNS
Neural crest --> PNS
Placodes --> sensory
Surface epithelium

Front 16

Mesoderm becomes what

Back 16

Somites --> muscles, vertebral column
CT
lymphatics
blood cells

Front 17

Endoderm becomes what

Back 17

epithelium of GI
Liver
Pancreas
Thymus
Thyroid

Front 18

Umbilical cord contains what?

Back 18

2 arteries (deoxygenated blood)
1 vein (oxygenated blood from placenta to baby)

Front 19

Umbilical arteries become

Back 19

Medial umbilical lig

Front 20

Urachus becomes

Back 20

median umbilical lig

Front 21

Umbilical vein becomes

Back 21

Round lig

Front 22

Ductus venosus becomes

Back 22

venous lig

Front 23

Ductus arteriosus becomes

Back 23

Ligamentum arteriosus

Front 24

Yolk sac becomes

Back 24

Meckel's diverticulum (2-2-2)

2% of population
w/i 2 feet ileocecal jnct
2 cm long

Front 25

1st brachial arch forms

Back 25

Malleus, incus
M. of mastication
Facial a.
CN V3

Front 26

2nd brachial arch forms

Back 26

Stapes, Styloid, lesser horns of hyoid
M. facial expression
Ext. carotid a.
CN VII

Front 27

3rd brachial arch forms

Back 27

Body of hyoid
Stylopharyngeal m
Internal carotid artery
CN IX

Front 28

4th brachial arch forms

Back 28

Larynx
Pharyngeal m.
CN X

Front 29

Pharyngeal clefts form

Back 29

I - external auditory meatus
II-IV - cervical sinus (disappears or becomes cervical cyst)

Front 30

Pharyngeal pouch I forms

Back 30

Tympanic cavity
Eustachian tube

Front 31

Pharyngeal pouch II forms

Back 31

Palatine tonsil

Front 32

Pharyngeal pouch III forms

Back 32

Ventral - thymus
Dorsal - Inferior parathyroids

Front 33

Pharyngeal pouch IV forms

Back 33

Dorsal - superior parathyroids

Front 34

Pharyngeal pouch V forms

Back 34

Ultimobranchial body --> parafollicular C cells of thyroid

Front 35

Mesonephric duct becomes ____ which does what?

Back 35

Wolff
male - epididymis, vas deferens

(disappears in F)

Front 36

Paramesonephric duct becomes ____ which does what?

Back 36

Muller
(M - diappears)
F - fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina down to hymen

Front 37

What causes male differentiation

Back 37

Wolff is sustained by Testosterone (Leydig cells)
Muller is suppressed by MIF glycoprotein (Sertoli cells)

Front 38

What becomes the kidneys

Back 38

Metanephros

(pronephros & mesonephros disappears)

Front 39

What enters via optic canal

Back 39

Optic n
Ophthalmic a.

Front 40

What enters via superior orbital fissure

Back 40

CN III, IV, V (ophthalmic), VI
SNS
Ophthalmic v.v.

Front 41

What enters via foramen rotundum

Back 41

CN V (maxillary)

Front 42

What enters via foramen ovale

Back 42

CN V (mandibular)
Accessory meningeal a.

Front 43

What enters via foramen spinosum

Back 43

Middle meningeal a.

Front 44

What enters via foramen magnum

Back 44

SC
Accessory n.
Vertebral a.a.
Spinal a.a.

Front 45

What enters via jugular foramen

Back 45

CN IX, X, XI
Internal jugular v.

Front 46

What enters via hypoglossal canal

Back 46

CN XII

Front 47

What enters via internal auditory meatus

Back 47

CN VII, VIII
Labyrinthine a.

Front 48

If you have an abducens paralysis, clinical?

Back 48

Cant abduct eye to affected side
Diplopia

Front 49

If you have a trochlear paralysis, clinical?

Back 49

Slight vertical double image
Pt compensates by tilting head

Front 50

Mneumonic for EOM

Back 50

LR 6 SO 4

Lateral rectus - CN VI
Superior oblique - CN IV
All the rest CN III

Front 51

Which way does superior rectus make you look

Back 51

Up and nasal

Front 52

Which way does inferior oblique make you look

Back 52

Up and temporal

Front 53

Which way does inferior rectus make you look

Back 53

Down and nasal

Front 54

Which way does superior oblique make you look

Back 54

Down and temporal

Front 55

What eye muscle causes mydriasis, innervation

Back 55

(dilation)
Dilator pupillae
Sympathetic

Front 56

What eye muscle causes miosis, innervation

Back 56

(constriction)
Sphincter pupillae
Parasympathetic

Front 57

What eye muscle is responsible for accommodation

Back 57

Ciliary muscle
Parasympathetic

(contract ciliary m., relaxes suspensory lig, allows lens to turn into globular shape for near vision)

Front 58

What eye muscles raises lid, innervation

Back 58

Levator palpebrae super. - CN III
Muller's m. - SNS

Front 59

Clinical Horner's syndrome

Back 59

Miosis
Ptosis
Red & dry facial skin on affected side

Front 60

Tongue motor - muscle, action, innervation

Back 60

Genioglossue - out
Styloglossus - in & up
Hyoglossus - down

(all via CN XII)

Front 61

Damage to hypoglossal n. - clinical

Back 61

Deviates toward side of damage

Front 62

Tongue sensation anterior 2/3

Back 62

Taste - VII
Touch & Temp - V3

Front 63

Tongue sensation posterior 1/3

Back 63

CN IX

(taste & touch)

Front 64

Function of lat. pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid m.

Back 64

Open mouth

Front 65

Function of masseter, (med. pterygoid, temporalis)

Back 65

Close mouth

Front 66

Function of lateral pterygoid

Back 66

Protrudes mouth
Lateral dysplacement

Front 67

Function of temporalis

Back 67

Retracts mandible

Front 68

Innervation of post. cricoarytenoid, lat. cricoaryteniod, thyroaryteniod

Back 68

Recurrent n.

Front 69

Function of
Posterior cricoarytenoid

Back 69

Open glottis

Front 70

Function of
Lateral cricoaryteniod

Back 70

Closes glottis

Front 71

Function of
Thyroarytenoid

Back 71

Relaxes vocal cords

Front 72

Function of & innervation of
Cricothyroid

Back 72

Tightens vocal cords
Superior laryngeal n

Front 73

What does the L laryngeal n. wrap around

Back 73

Aortic arch

Front 74

What does the R laryngeal n. wrap around

Back 74

R subclavian a.

Front 75

Sensation above glottis

Back 75

Superior laryngeal n.

(important in cough reflex)

Front 76

Sensation below glottis

Back 76

Recurrent n.

(important in cough reflex)

Front 77

Main shoulder muscle that adducts & innervation

Back 77

Pectoralis major
C5-T1

Front 78

Main shoulder muscle that abducts &
innervation

Back 78

1st 60 degrees - Deltoid
Then - Sarratus anterior
Long thoracic n.

Front 79

Main shoulder muscle that anteverts & innervation

Back 79

Deltoid
Axillary

Front 80

Main shoulder muscle that retroverts & innervation

Back 80

Teres major
Subscapular n.

Front 81

Main shoulder m. outward rotation & innervation

Back 81

Infraspinatus
Suprscapular n.

Front 82

Main shoulder m. inward rotation & innervation

Back 82

Subscapularis
Subscapular n.

Front 83

What is the problem when pt presents w/ "scapular winging"?

Back 83

Serratus anterior m. paralysis
Damage to long thoracic n.

Front 84

Muscle that make up the rotator cuff

Back 84

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Front 85

Spinal segments that make up upper trunk of brachial plexus & terminal n.

Back 85

C5-6
Musculocutaneous n.

Front 86

Spinal segments that make up middle trunk of brachial plexus & terminal n.

Back 86

C7
Axillary n. & radial n. (posterior cord)
Median n.

Front 87

Spinal segments that make up lower trunk of brachial plexus & terminal n.

Back 87

Ulnar n.

Front 88

Clinical s/s & cause of upper brachial plexus injury

Back 88

"waiter tip" (arm hangs in medial rotation)

forceful separation of neck & shoulder, motorcycle accident, football tackling

Front 89

Clinical s/s & cause of posterior cord brachial plexus injury

Back 89

"wrist drop"
Radial n. injury
Compression by too long crutches

Front 90

Clinical s/s & cause of lower brachial plexus injury

Back 90

"Claw hand"
Ulnar n. injury
Forceful pull of arm/shoulders (birth)

Front 91

"wrist drop"
No tricep reflex
Sensory loss: posterior arm, dorsal hand

Back 91

Radial n. injury

Front 92

No F thumb, index finger, middle finger
No thumb opposition
Thenar atrophy
Sensory loss: radial 2 1/2 fingers (palms & tips)

Back 92

Median n. injury

Front 93

"Claw hand"
No F 4th or 5th finger
Apothenar atrophy
Sensory loss: Ulnar 1 1/2 fingers (palms & tips)

Back 93

Ulnar n. injury

Front 94

No elbow F
No supination
No bicep reflex
Sensory loss: extensor aspect of forearm

Back 94

Musculocutaneous n. injury

Front 95

What n. is commonly injured with a humerus fx

Back 95

Radial n.

Front 96

Muscle for elbow F & innervation

Back 96

Biceps brachii
MC n.

Front 97

Muscle for elbow E & innervation

Back 97

Triceps brachii
Radial n.

Front 98

Muscle for elbow supination & innervation

Back 98

Biceps brachii
MC n.

Front 99

Muscle for elbow pronation & innervation

Back 99

Pronator teres
Median n.

Front 100

Cause of "tennis elbow"

Back 100

Lateral epidondylitis
(origen of the extensor muscles)

Front 101

Hip m. outward rotation & innervation

Back 101

Gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal n.

Front 102

Hip m. inward rotation & innervation

Back 102

Gluteus medius/minimus
Superior gluteal n.

Front 103

Hip m. E & innervation

Back 103

Gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal n.

Front 104

Hip m. F & innervation

Back 104

Iliopsoas
Femoral n.

Front 105

Hip m. abduction & innervation

Back 105

Gluteus medius
Superior gluteal n.

Front 106

Hip m. adduction & innervation

Back 106

Adductor magnus/minimus
Obturator n.

Front 107

Who is at risk for femoral neck fx? Complication?

Back 107

Elderly women (osteoporosis)
Risk of avascular necrosis of femoral head

Front 108

What position does a femoral neck fx typically occur in?

Back 108

Abduction & external rotation