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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antidote for
Acetaminophen |
N-acetylcysteine
(NAC) |
|
Antidote for
Anticholinergics |
Physostigmine
|
|
Antidote for
Benzodiazepines |
Flumazenil
|
|
Antidote for
Beta blockers |
Glucagon & Calcium
|
|
Antidote for
Carbon monoxide |
Oxygen
|
|
Antidote for
Cyanide |
Amyl nitrate
|
|
Antidote for
Digoxin |
Anti-digoxin Fab antibody
|
|
Antidote for
Ethylene glycol |
Ethanol
|
|
What is the action of
Penicillins & Cephalosporins? |
Inhibit peptide cell wall synthesis
|
|
What is the action of
Aminoglycosides? |
Inhibit initiation of translation
Target - GRAM Negative Aerobic |
|
What is the MOA of
Vancomycin? |
Inhibits phospholipid plasma membrane synthesis and peptidoglycan polymerization
inhibits cell membrane and cell wall synthesis |
|
What is the DOC for
MRSA? |
Vancomycin
|
|
What is the MOA of
Quinolones? |
Inhibit topoisomerase
|
|
What is the MOA of
Chloramphenicol? |
inhibits peptidyl transferase
|
|
What is the MOA of
Macrolides? |
Inhibits protein synthesis
|
|
What is MOA of
Tetracyclines? |
Inhibit tRNA binding --> inhibiting protein synthesis
|
|
What is the MOA of
Sulfonamides? |
Inhibit folate synthesis
|
|
What is the MOA of
Trimethoprim? |
Inhibit folate use
|
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Osteomyelitis |
<4 mo: (Nafcillin or Oxacillin) & (Ceftazidime or cefepime)
All others: Nafcillin or Oxacillin |
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Any encephalitis |
Acyclovir until CSF PCR returns; if (+) HSV continue
if (-) HSV, d/c & change to specific drug for etiologic agent |
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Meningitis |
Neonate: ampicillin & cefotaxime
Child or Adult: Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime & dexamethasone & vancomycin > 50 yo, or alcoholic, with severe co-morbidity: ceftriazone or cefotaxime & dexamethasone & vancomycin & ampicillin |
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Meningitis prophylaxis |
if H.influ: rifampin
if N.meningitidis: rifampin (preferred) or ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin |
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Otitis externa |
ofloxacin drops or (polymyxin & neomycin & hydrocortisone drops) or (cipro & hydrocortisone drops)
|
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Otitis media |
Amoxicillin if < 2 yo
(if > 2yo, afebrile w/o pain, give analgesics) |
|
DOC for Empiric treatment of
Conjunctivits (non-neonatal) |
Viral: nothing or chilled artificial tears
Bacterial (non-G or C): Fluoroquinolones by drops |
|
What is the antidote for
Heparin? |
Protamine
|
|
What is the antidote for
Iron? |
Deferoxamine
|
|
What is the antidote for
Isoniazid? |
Pyridoxine
|
|
What is the antidote for
Lead? |
EDTA or BAL
|
|
What is the antidote for
Methanol? |
Ethanol
|
|
What is the antidote for
Opioids? |
Naloxone
|
|
What is the antidote for
Warfarin? |
Vitamin K
|
|
What is the antidote for
Organophosphates? |
Atropine or Pralidoxime
|
|
How does a pt with anticholinergic overdose present?
|
"Dry as a bone, Mad as a hatter, Blind as a bat, Hot as a hare"
anhidrosis, fever, delirium, mydriasis |
|
How does a pt with opiate overdose present?
|
MORPHINE
M - miosis O - out of it R - respiratory depression P - pneumonia (aspiration) H - hypotension I - infrequency N - nausea E - emesis |
|
How does a pt with cholinergic overdose present?
|
SLUDGE
S - salvation L - lacrimation U - urination D - defecation G - GI upset E - emesis |
|
What is the problem with using AGs and Loops?
|
Ototoxicity
|
|
Who are fluoroquinolones contraindicated in?
|
< 16 yo
affect joint cartilage >60 yo increased risk of tendinopathy --> tendon rupture |
|
What is a major cardiac side effect of FQs?
|
Prolonged QT
risk for Torsade de pointe |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Conjunctivitis - neonatal |
>1 d: nothing
2-4 d: IV ceftriaxone (likely N. gonorrheae) 3-10 d: PO erythromycin (likely Chlamydia trachomatis) 2-16 d w/ dendritic corneal ulcer: trifluridine drops and IV acyclovir (likely HSV) prophylactically against opthalmia neonatorum: tetracycline ointment OR erythromycin ointment |
|
What is the antidote for
Opioids? |
Naloxone
|
|
What is the antidote for
Warfarin? |
Vitamin K
|
|
What is the antidote for
Organophosphates? |
Atropine or Pralidoxime
|
|
How does a pt with anticholinergic overdose present?
|
"Dry as a bone, Mad as a hatter, Blind as a bat, Hot as a hare"
anhidrosis, fever, delirium, mydriasis |
|
How does a pt with opiate overdose present?
|
MORPHINE
M - miosis O - out of it R - respiratory depression P - pneumonia (aspiration) H - hypotension I - infrequency N - nausea E - emesis |
|
How does a pt with cholinergic overdose present?
|
SLUDGE
S - salvation L - lacrimation U - urination D - defecation G - GI upset E - emesis |
|
What is the problem with using AGs and Loops?
|
Ototoxicity
|
|
Who are fluoroquinolones contraindicated in?
|
< 16 yo
affect joint cartilage >60 yo increased risk of tendinopathy --> tendon rupture |
|
What is a major cardiac side effect of FQs?
|
Prolonged QT
risk for Torsade de pointe |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Conjunctivitis - neonatal |
>1 d: nothing
2-4 d: IV ceftriaxone (likely N. gonorrheae) 3-10 d: PO erythromycin (likely Chlamydia trachomatis) 2-16 d w/ dendritic corneal ulcer: trifluridine drops and IV acyclovir (likely HSV) prophylactically against opthalmia neonatorum: tetracycline ointment OR erythromycin ointment |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Diarrhea in premature baby |
(piperacillin & tazobactam) OR (ampicillin & sulbactam)
|
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Diarrhea from post-ATb use |
Metronidazole
|
|
DOC for empiric tx of
travelers diarrhea |
Fluoroquinolones or rifaximin
|
|
DOC for empiric tx
diarrhea prophylaxis during travel |
fluoroquinolones, then imodium w/ first loose stool
|
|
DOC for empiric tx of
mild-moderate diarrhea |
fluids & lactose- and caffeine-free diet
(add anti-diarrhea agent if >/= 4 unformed stools/day) |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Severe diarrhea |
Cipro or Levo
(kids: tmp/smx) & metronidazole & (fluids and lactose- and caffeine-free diet) |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Acute bronchitis |
antitussive +/- inhaled beta-2 agonists
|
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Anthrax prophylaxis (post-exposure) |
Cipro (even in kids)
|
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Pneumonia (hospitalized, CAP) |
< 1mo: Ampicillin & gentamicin +/- cefotaxime (+ vanco if MRSA)
1-3 mo: erythromycin or azithromycin (& cefotaxime if febrile) 5-18 yo: ceftriaxone & azithromycin +/- vanco > 18 yo: (ceftriaxone or ertapenem) & azithromycin |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Prostatitis |
< 35 yo: ceftriazone or cefixime then doxycycline
> 35 yo: any FQ or TMP-SMX |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
Sepsis |
< 1 wo: ampicillin & cefotaxime
> 1 wo: (ampicillin & cefotaxime) or (amp & ceftriaxone) child: (vanco & either cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) adult: (any carbapenem) & vanco adult w/ fever: ATb for specific organism & fluids & NE & low dose steroids & blood glucose control +/- activated protein C |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
UTI |
outpt: TMP-SMX (if allergic - nirtrofurantoin)
inpt: cipro or levo pregnant: nitrofurantoin |
|
DOC for empiric tx of
human or animal bite |
ampicillin-clavulanic acid & consider anti-rabies prophylaxis
|
|
DOC
Bacillus cereus |
Vancomycin or Clindamycin
|
|
DOC
Borrelia burgdorferi |
Doxycycline
(alt: erythromycin) |
|
DOC
Campylobacter jejuni |
1st line: erythromycin
(alt: any FQ) |
|
DOC
Candida spp. |
Miconazole (skin/vaginal)
Fluconazole (systemic) |
|
DOC
Chlamydia trachomatis |
Doxycycline
(alt: azithromycin - < 8yo, preg) |
|
DOC
C. Difficile |
Metronidazole
(alt: Vanco) |
|
DOC
Corynebacterium diphtheria |
Erythromycin
|
|
DOC
Gardnerella vaginalis |
Metronidazole
(alt: tinidazole) |
|
DOC
Hemophilus ducreyi |
Azithromycin or ceftriaxone
|
|
DOC
H. influenzae |
Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
|
|
DOC
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
Azithromycin
|
|
DOC
N. gonorrheae |
Ceftriaxone
|
|
DOC
N. meningitidis |
Pen G
|
|
DOC
Bacillus anthracis |
Penicillin
|
|
DOC
Listeria monocytogenes |
Ampicillin
|
|
DOC
Pasteurella multocida |
Penicillin family drugs
|
|
DOC
Salmonella typhi |
Ceftriazone or any quinolone
|
|
DOC
Shigella spp. |
Azithromycin or any quinolone (alt: TMP-SMX & ampicillin)
|
|
DOC
Treponema pallidum |
Pen G
|
|
DOC
Trichomonas vaginalis |
Metronidazole
(alt: tinidazole) |
|
DOC
Staph aureus |
Oxacillin or nafcillin
dicloxacillin if on skin vanco if MRSA |
|
DOC
Strep pyogenes |
Pen G or V
|
|
DOC
Genital warts |
Podophyllin resin or cryotherapy or trichloroacetic acid
|
|
DOC
Grp B Strep in pregnant females |
Pen G (during labor)
|
|
DOC
Staph saprophyticus |
Any cephalosporin or ampicillin-clavulanic acid
|
|
DOC
Strep pneumoniae |
Pen G
|
|
DOC
Vibrio cholerae |
Doxy or any FQ
|
|
DOC
Giardia lamblia |
Tinidazole or nitazoxanide
(alt: metronidazole) |
|
DOC
Entamoeba histolytica |
Metronidazole or tinidazole
|
|
DOC
Ascaris lumbricoides |
Albendazole or mebendazole
|
|
DOC
Enterobius vermicularis |
Mebendazole
|
|
DOC
Necator americanus |
Albendazole or mebendazole
|
|
DOC
Trichinella spiralis |
Albendazole & prednisone
|
|
DOC
Schistosoma spp. |
Praziquantel
|
|
DOC
Diphyllobothrium latum |
Praziquantel
|
|
DOC
Adenovirus (severe) |
Cidofovir & probenecid
|
|
DOC
Influenza A (seasonal) |
Zanamivir
|
|
DOC
Influenza B and avian (H5N1) |
Oseltamivir or zanamivir
(H1N1: oseltamivir) |
|
DOC
Measles |
Vitamin A (kids) or ribavirin (adults)
|
|
DOC
Smallpox |
smallpox vaccine (w/i 4 days of exposure) & cidofovir
|