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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA BDZ
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Enhance binding of GABA
(allows Cl entry into cell) |
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Effects of BDZs
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- decreased anxiety 2nd inhibition of limbic system
- sedative or hypnotic effects - anticonvulsent effects - m. relaxation, decreasing spasticity of sk. m. |
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Use diazepam
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M. strain
Spasticity in MS & CP Status epilepticus |
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Use Chlordiazepoxide
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Acute tx of alcohol WD
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Use Lorazepam & Alprazolam
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Anxiety d/o
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Unique about Trazolam
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Rapidly eliminated --> cause severe WD symptoms
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Use Temazepam & Flurazepam
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Sleep d/o
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SE BDZ
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Drowsiness
Confusion Ataxia (HD) |
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Abrupt WD s/s for BDZ
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Severe & immediate insomnia
Tension Confusion Anxiety Agitation Restlessness |
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MOA Buspirone
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Stimulates 5-HT1 R
Agonal effects on 5-HT2 R & DA2 R |
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MOA Barbiturates
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Interfere w/ Na/K transport system
Increases GABA action Inhibits mesencephalic reticular system |
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Barbiturates are contraindicated in who
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Acute intermittent porphyria
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SE Barbiturates
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Drowsiness, decreased concentration, physical sluggishness
Drug hangover Severe WD Decreased chemoR responsiveness to CO2 HD - hypoxia, anesthesia, coma, death |
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Abrupt WD barbiturates cause
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Delirium
Seizures |
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Use Phenobarbital
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Long-term seizure d/o
Status epilepticus Eclampsia DOC - children w/ recurrent febrile seizures (long-acting) |
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Use thiopental
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Anesthesia
(short-acting - IV) |
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Effect of chloral hydrate
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Derivative of acetaldehyde --> trichloroethanol
Induces sleep in 30 min --> lasts 6 hr Unpleasant taste |
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Effect of meprobamate
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Carbamate derivative w/ tranquilizing, m. relaxant, anti-convulsant action
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SE antihistamines
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Sedation
Tinnitus Fatigue Dizziness Blurred vision anticholinergic |
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What can't you take w/ antihistamines
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MAOIs
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MOA Diphenhydramine
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H1 blocker
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Use diphenhydramine
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Local anesthetic
Prevent motion sickness Insomnia |
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Use hydroxyzine
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Tx/prevent allergy-associated pruritis
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What are these: loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine
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2nd generation antihistamines
(don't cross BBB as much) |
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Bad SE of 2nd gen antihistamines when used with what?
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Arrhythmias
Macrolide, ketoconazole, itraconazole |
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Who are antihistamines contraindicated in
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BPH
Bladder obstruction Narrow angle glaucoma |
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Meaning of MAC
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Minimal alveolar concentration
Amt needed to eliminate movement in pt caused by standard skin incision |
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Low MAC means what
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High potency
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SE of all halogenated anesthetic agents
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Hepatotoxic
Increase risk malignant hyperthermia (esp. Halothane) |
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SE of halothane
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Metabolized to tissue toxic products (esp. in females)
-Fever, anorexia, N/V, s/s hepatitis, hepatic necrosis- Arrhythmias Malignant hyperthermia Hypotension (NOT hepatotoxic in kids) |
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Who is enflurane contraindicated in
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Kidney failure pt
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SE of enflurane
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At 2x MAC - CNS excitation
(also occurs if hyperventilating) |
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SE Isoflurane
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Significant decrease in BP & HR
(less tissue tox, no arrhythmias) |
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SE Sevoflurane
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Nephrotoxic
Decreases BP & Increase HR |
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SE Desflurane
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Decrease BP & Increases HR
Cough & breath-holding (CI as induction agent) |
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SE Methoxyflurane
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Severe nephrotoxicity
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SE Thiopental
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Severe hypotension in hypovolemia or shock
Drowsiness upon awakening |
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SE Ketamine
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Increase BP & CO (Not used in stroke or HTN pt)
Bronchodilation Severe, terrifying hallucinations & nightmares during post-op |
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MOA Ketamine
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Blocks NMDA R
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MOA local anesthetic agents
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(Procaine, bupivacaine, tetracaine, lidocaine)
Block Na channels of sm, unmyelinated n. fibers |
