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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the respiratory quotient
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CO2 release/O2 uptake
|
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RQ < 0.7
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Hypoventilation
(DM or fasting) |
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RQ > 0.7
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Hyperventilation
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< 7.35, Increased CO2: what is this? causes?
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Respiratory acidosis
sediation sleep apnea chest wall injury COPD |
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< 7.35, Decreased HCO3: what is this? Causes?
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Metabolic acidosis
Ketoacidosis Lactacidosis Chronic diarrhea |
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> 7.45, Decreased CO2: what is this? Causes?
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Respiratory alkalosis
Anxiety Thyrotoxicosis Mountain climbing |
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> 7.45, Increased HCO3: what is this? Causes?
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Metabolic alkalosis
Loop diuretics Thiazides Vomiting |
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What acid-base distrubance with salicylate intoxication?
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Early - meta. acid & resp. alka
Late - meta. acid & resp. acid |
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What globlin chains are found in fetal hemoglobin
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Alpha 2
Gamma 2 |
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What globin chains are found in adult A hemoglobin
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Alpha 2
Beta 2 (98%) |
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What globin chains are found in hemoglobin A2
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Alpha 2
Delta 2 (2%) |
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What globin chains are found in a-thalassemia
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HbH - Beta 4
Hb Bart - gamma 4 |
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What globin chains are found in beta-thalassemia
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HbF - alpha 2, delta 2
HbA2 - alpha 2, gamma 2 |
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What things would cause a right shift in the O2 binding curve
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Increased protons (acidosis)
Increased CO2 Increased 2,3 - DPG Increased temp |
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What causes the closure of the ductus arteriosus
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Prostaglandins
|
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Normal GFR & how to measure
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125 mL/min
Inulin or creatinine clearance |
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What clearance = GFR what is occuring
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Filtration only
(or secretion = resorption) |
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Hyperosmolarity causes what
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Thirst
ADH release |
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Blood volume loss causes what
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Sympathetic activation
Renin release from JGA |
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What releases ACE enzyme
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Lungs
|
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What is Bartter's syndrome
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High renin
High angiotensin High aldosterone Normotensive (??down regulation Ang R) |
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Where are the JG cells located
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Specialized smooth m. afferent arteriole
Release renin |
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Where are the macula densa cells located
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DCT
Measure NaCl concentration |
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Where are carbohydrates absorbed
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Duodenum & Jejunum
(also amino acids) |
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Where is iron absorbed
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Duodenum
|
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Where is Vit B12 absorbed
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Terminal ileum
(also bile salts) |
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What is iron transported as? Stored?
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Transferrin
Ferritin & Hemosiderin |
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Gastrin results in what?
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HCl
Motility Delayed stomach emptying |
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Gastrin stimulated for release by what?
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Vagus n
Peptides, alcohol, alkaline pH stomach |
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Secretin stimulated for release by what?
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Acidic pH in duodenum
|
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Secretin causes the release of what?
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HCO3 pancreatic secretion
|
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CCK is stimulated for release by
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Fat & peptides in duodenum
|
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CCK causes the release of what?
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Pancreatic enzymes
GB contraction |
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GIP is stimulated for release by
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Glucose, fat in duodenum
|
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GIP causes the release of what?
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Insulin secretion
|
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Somatostatin is stimulated for release by what
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Acidic pH in stomach
|
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What does somatostatin result in
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Inhibits HCl secretion
Inhibits enzyme secretion |
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What do chief cells secrete
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Pepsinogen
|
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What do parietal cell secrete
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HCl
Intrinsic factor |
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What is CONN
|
Hyperaldosteronism
-K depletion -HTN (No edema) -No hypernatremia -weakness, tetany |
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Motor development
-1 month |
-chin up
|
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Motor development -2 months
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-chest up
|
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Motor development -6 months
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-knee push & 'swim'
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Motor development -7 months
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-sits alone / stand w/ help
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Motor development -8 months
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-crawls on stomach
|
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Motor development - 10 months
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Stands holding on furniture
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Motor development 11 months
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Walks when led
|
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Motor development 14 months
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Stands alone
|
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Motor development 15 months
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Walks alone
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