Asoc282 Exam 1: Book Terms

Front 1

Patriarchy

Back 1

male dominance. In a patriarchal society, men have more power than women do.

Front 2

Prejudice

Back 2

the tendency of individuals to think and feel negatively toward others.

Front 3

Stereotypes (cognitive prejudice)

Back 3

over-generalizations that are thought to apply to all members of a group.

Front 4

Affective prejudice

Back 4

the emotional or “feeling” dimension of individual prejudice. The prejudiced individual attaches negative emotions to other groups.

Front 5

Discrimination

Back 5

the unequal or unfair treatment of a person or persons based on their group membership.

Front 6

Ideological racism

Back 6

belief system asserting that a particular group is inferior. Although individuals may subscribe to racist beliefs, the ideology itself is incorporated in the culture of the society and passed on from generation to generation.

Front 7

Institutional discrimination

Back 7

a pattern of unequal treatment based on group membership that’s built into the daily operations of society.

Front 8

Assimilation

Back 8

process by which formally distinct and separate groups merge and become one group

Front 9

Pluralism

Back 9

a situation in which groups have separate identities, cultures, and organizational structures.

Front 10

Melting pot

Back 10

a type of assimilation in which all groups contribute in roughly equal amounts to the creation of a new culture and society.

Front 11

Anglo-conformity

Back 11

the model of assimilation by which minority groups conform to Anglo-American culture.

Front 12

Americanization

Back 12

the one-sided process of assimilation that occurred with many immigrant groups in the US.

Front 13

Race-relations cycle

Back 13

a concept associated with Robert Park, who believed that relations between different groups would go through predictable cycles, from conflict to eventual assimilation.

Front 14

Culture

Back 14

all aspects of the way of life associated with a group of people. Culture includes language, beliefs, norms, values, customs, technology, and many other components.

Front 15

Social Structure

Back 15

the networks of social relationships, groups, organizations, communities, and institutions that organize work of a society and connect individuals to each other and to the larger society.

Front 16

Primary sector

Back 16

relationships and groups that are intimate and personal. Groups in the primary sector are small.

Front 17

Secondary sector

Back 17

relationships and organizations that are public, task orientated, and impersonal. Organizations in the secondary sector can be large.

Front 18

Cultural assimilation (acculturation)

Back 18

the group learns the culture of the dominant group, including language and values, changes in eating habits, and altering the spelling of the family surname.

Front 19

Structural Assimilation (integration)

Back 19

the minority group enters the social structure aof the larger society. Integration typically begins in the secondary sector and gradually moves into the primary sector.

Front 20

Marital Assimilation

Back 20

intermarriage between members of different groups.

Front 21

Human Capital Theory

Back 21

consistent with the traditional view of assimilation, this theory considers success in the US to be a direct result of individual efforts, personal values and skills, and education.

Front 22

Multiculturalism

Back 22

a general term for some versions of pluralism in the US in the 1920’s. Stressed mutual respect for all groups and celebrates the multiplicity of heritages that have contributed to the development of the US.

Front 23

Cultural Pluralism

Back 23

a situation in which groups have not acculturated and each maintains a distinct identity.

Front 24

Structural Pluralism

Back 24

a situation in which a group has acculturated but is not integrated.

Front 25

Enclave Minority Group

Back 25

a group that establishes its own neighborhood and relies on a set of interconnected business for economical survival.

Front 26

Middleman Minority Group

Back 26

groups that rely on small businesses, dispersed throughout a community, for economic survival.

Front 27

Separatism

Back 27

a minority group goal. A separatist goal wished to sever all ties with the dominant group.

Front 28

Revolution

Back 28

a minority group goal. A revolutionary group wished to change places with the dominant group or create new social order, perhaps in alliance with other groups.

Front 29

Industrial Revolution

Back 29

the shift in subsistence technology from labor-intensive agriculture to capital-intensive manufacturing.

Front 30

Labor-intensive

Back 30

a form of work in which the bulk of the effort is provided by human being s working by hand. Machines and other labor-saving devices are rare of absent.

Front 31

Capital-intensive

Back 31

capital intensive technology replaces hand labor with machine labor. Large amounts of capital are required to develop, purchase and maintain machines.

Front 32

Old Immigration

Back 32

immigration from Europe to the US between the 1820’s and the 1880’s

Front 33

New Immigration

Back 33

immigration from Europe to the US between the 1880’s and the 1920’s

Front 34

Anti-Semitism

Back 34

prejudice or ideological racism directed specifically at Jews.

Front 35

Ethnic Succession

Back 35

the process by which European groups affected each others position in the social class structure.

Front 36

Structural Mobility

Back 36

rising occupational and social class standing that is the result of changes in the overall structure of the economy and labor market, as opposed to individual efforts

Front 37

Triple Melting Pot

Back 37

the idea that structural assimilation for European immigrants took place within the context of the 3 major American regions.

Front 38

Ethclass

Back 38

the group formed by the intersection of social class and racial or ethnic groups.

Front 39

Sojourners

Back 39

“birds of passage”. Immigrants who intent to return to their countries of origin.

Front 40

Principle of Third Generation Interest

Back 40

the notion that the grandchildren of immigrants will stress their ethnicity much more than the second generation will.

Front 41

Ethic Revival

Back 41

the movement toward increased salience for ethnic identity, which began for European Americans in the 1960’s.

Front 42

Symbolic Ethnicity

Back 42

a sense of ethnicity that is more superficial, voluntary, and changeable.

Front 43

Segmented assimilation

Back 43

the idea that assimilation in the US is now fragmented and can have a number of outcomes in addition to eventual entry into mainstream society.

Front 44

Scapegoat hypothesis

Back 44

a theory of prejudice that posits that under certain conditions, people will express their aggression against substitute targets. When other groups are chosen as substitute targets, prejudice increases.

Front 45

Selective perception

Back 45

the tendency to see only what one expects to see. Associated with individual prejudice.

Front 46

Split Labor Market Theory

Back 46

(Marx) when the labor force is divided into a higher-paid segment composed of members of the dominant group and a lower-paid segment composed of minority group members, higher-paid labor uses prejudice and racism to limit the ability of cheaper labor to compete for jobs.

Front 47

Vicious cycle of Prejudice

Back 47

a process in which a condition is assumed to be true and forces are then set in motion to create and perpetuate that condition.

Front 48

Social Distance

Back 48

the degree of intimacy to which a person is willing to admit members of other groups.

Front 49

Socialization

Back 49

the process of physical, physiological, and social development by which a person learns his or her culture.

Front 50

Modern Racism

Back 50

a subtle form of prejudice that incorporates negative feeling about minority groups but not the traditional stereotypes. Modern racism assumes that:

1. discrimination no longer exists.
2. Minority groups are responsible for their own disadvantages.
3. Special programs addressing ethnic and racial inequality are unjustified and unnecessary.

Front 51

Equal Status Contact Theory

Back 51

a theory of prejudice reduction asserting that equal status and cooperative contacts between groups will tend to reduce prejudice.

Front 52

Jigsaw Method

Back 52

a learning technique that requires cooperation among students.