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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NFPA Harzard labels !!! |
Blue - Health !!! Red -Flammability Yellow - Instability/Reactivity White - Specific things Higher the number in the color the more dangerous it is |
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1 nanomole !!! |
1000 picomole |
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PPV (Positive Predictive Value) !!! |
True Positive (TP) ---------------------------------------------------- True Positive(TP) + False Positive (FP) !!! where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard. |
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Accuracy !!! |
The test measures what it is supposed to measure. This means it is able to measure the true amount or concentration of a substance in a sample. !!! Picture a bull’s-eye target with a dart correctly hitting the centre ring and you see what an accurate test produces: the method is capable of hitting the intended target. |
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Accuracy Formula !!! |
(TN + TP) ------------------------ (TN + TP + FN + FP) |
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Precision !!! |
When repeated determinations (analyses) on the same sample give similar results. !!! The amount of random variation is small. The test method can be trusted because results are reliably reproduced time after time. Picture a bull’s-eye target with darts all clustered together – but not in the centre ring – and you see what a precise but inaccurate method produces: the method can be counted on to reach the same target over and over again but the target may not be the one intended. When the method is both precise and accurate, bull’s-eye! |
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Precision Formula !!! |
TP ------------------------- TP + FP |
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Specificity !!! |
The ability of a test to correctly exclude individuals who do not have a given disease or disorder. !!! For example, a certain test may have proven to be 90% specific. If 100 healthy individuals are tested with that method, only 90 of those 100 healthy people will be found to be “normal” (disease-free). The other 10 people also do not have the disease, but their test results seem to indicate they do. For that 10% their “abnormal” findings are a misleading false-positive result. |
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Specificity Formula !!! |
TN ----------------- TN + FP SPIN - SPecificity Is Negative |
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Sensitivity !!! |
The ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a given disease or disorder. !!! For example, a certain test may have proven to be 90% sensitive. That is, if 100 people known to have a certain disease are tested with that method, the test will correctly identify 90 of those 100 cases of disease. The other 10 people who were tested also have the disease but the test will fail to detect it. For that 10%, the finding of a “normal” result is a misleading false-negative result. A test’s sensitivity becomes particularly important when you are seeking to exclude a dangerous disease. |
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Sensitivity Formula !!! |
TP ----------------- TP+ FN SNIP - SeNsitivity Is Positive |
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C1V1 = C2V2 !!! |
C1 = original concentration of the solution, before it gets watered down or diluted.
C2 = final concentration of the solution, after dilution. V1 = volume about to be diluted V2 = final volume after dilution |
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Joe has a 2 g/L solution.
He dilutes it and creates 3 L of a 1 g/L solution. How much of the original solution did he dilute? |
We are looking for V1: C1V1 = C2V2 2x = 1(3) x = 1.5 L |
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Joe has 20 L of a 2 g/L solution.
He diluted it, and created 3 L of a 1 g/L solution. How did he make such a solution. |
We're only going to use part of the 20 L. Remember we have to end up with 3 L after dilution, so not only do we have to start with less than 20 L but also less than 3 L. How much is unknown = V1, and it amounts to the same problem as in example 1, but don't use the 20L. C1V1 = C2V2 2x = 1(3) x = 1.5 L |
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Joe has 20 L of a 2 g/L solution. To this solution he adds 30 L. What is the final concentration of the solution? |
If 30 L is added to the 20 L, then the volume about to be diluted, V1, is 20 L. And adding 30 L of water to a 20 L solution creates a final volume, V2, of 50 L. Our unknown is C2.
C1V1 = C2V2 2(20) = x(20 + 30) x = 40/50 = 0.80 g/L |
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Denaturing breaks what !!! |
intra-strand hydrogen bonds !!! Alcohol denatures proteins by disrupting the side chain intramolecular hydrogen bonding. |
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How to store RNA for longer than 6 months? !!! |
Long-term storage is best in ethanol at -70 degrees C, although RNA suspended in diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water is stable for at least 1 month !!! |
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What is the proper order to add regents for PCR !!! |
Master MIx, Patient Samples, Positive Control, Negative Control ? |
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Centrifugal force !!! |
Depends on the mass of the object, the speed of rotation, and the distance from the center. The more massive the object, the greater the force; the greater the speed of the object, the greater the force; and the greater the distance from the center, the greater the force. |
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How can you ensure no patient mislabeling? !!! |
First and Last Name Medical Record Number (MRN) Date and Time of Collection !!! |
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Every time the chromosome is copied it would become shorter if not for what enzyme? !!! |
telomere transferase !!! |
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To reduce contamination of glassware what do you do !!! |
*if the question is referring to contamination of glassware due to RNA -soak glassware over night DEPC !!! |
