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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Converts an alkane to a halogenalkane
reaction type is |
liquid bromine or chlorine with UV light
free radical subtitution |
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Converts an alkene to an halogenoalkane
reaction type is |
concentrated hydrogen halide (HF, HCl, HBr, HI) at room temperature
addition reaction |
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Converts an alkene to a diol ( 2 alcohol groups)
what is the color change? what type of reaction is this? |
cold dilute acidified managanate(VII) solution
purple to clear oxidation reaction |
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Chemical used to break an alkene double bond and give 2 oxidation products
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hot, concentrated acidified managanate(VII) solution
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When breaking an alkene double bond, if the carbon is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms what will be the product?
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carbon dioxide
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When breaking an alkene double bond, if the carbon is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl group, what will be the product?
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a carboxylic group
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When breaking an alkene double bond, if the carbon is bonded to 2 alkyl groups, what will be the product?
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a ketone group
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What is the general formula for an alkane
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Cn H2n+2
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Why are alkanes considered mostly nonreactive?
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because they are non polar
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Chemical added to a halogenoalkane to produce an alcohol type of reaction?
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aqueous sodium hydroxide under reflux
nucleophilic substitution |
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which halogen reacts the fastest during a nucleophilic substitution reaction? which halogen is the slowest?
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iodine fastest, fluorine slowest
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what chemicals and conditions can a halogenoalkane be converted to an alkene?
what type of reaction is this? |
sodium hydroxide and ethanol
elimination reaction |
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name 3 nucleophiles
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hydroxide ion, cyanide ion and ammonia
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the reaction with hydroxide ions will form an alcohol, what is the name of this process
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hydrolysis
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why are halogenoalkanes attacked by nucleophiles?
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because the carbon bonded to the halogen carries a partial positive charge due to the higher electronegativity of the halogen
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the complete combustion of an alcohol will yield what 2 products
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water and carbon dioxide
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what chemical would be used to convert an alcohol to a halogenoalkane and water
what type of reaction is this? |
a hydrogen halide (HCl)
substitution reaction |
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alcohol and sodium yields what 2 products
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sodium alkoxide and hydrogen
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what is esterification
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when a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst produces an ester and water. this is reversible
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what products are formed when you hydrolyse an ester with sodium hydroxide?
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a carboxylic acid and alcohol. this is not reversible
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what chemical and conditions can convert an alcohol to an alkene and water
what type of reaction is this? |
alcohol vapor passed over a hot catalyst of aluminum oxide powder and pumice
dehydration reaction |
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what is an Sn2 reaction and when is it most stable?
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nucleophilic substitution involving 2 species. when it is used on a primary halogenoalkanes
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what is an Sn1 reaction and when is it most stable?
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nucleophilic substitution involving 1 species, with a carbocation formation , when it is used on a tertiary halogenoalkane
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using what chemical analysis could you differentiate a primary or secondary alcohol from a tertiary alcohol? and what would be the noted color changes
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dilute acidified potassium dichromate. a tertiary alcohol would show no reaction where a primary & secondary would go from orange to green
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tetrahydridoborate would change an aldehyde and ketone to what functional groups?
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aldehyde to primary alcohol and a ketone to a secondary alcohol
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an aldehyde and ketone have what functional group present?
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a carbonyl group
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How can you oxidize a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?
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heat alcohol gently with acidified potassium dichromate(VII) and distilling out the aldehyde as it forms.
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