As Ict Revision

Front 1

What is data?

Back 1

Data is raw facts / figures. It has no meaning or context.

Front 2

What is information?

Back 2

information is data with a meaning and a context.

Front 3

What is knowledge?

Back 3

knowledge is new information derived from existing information by applying a set of rules.

Front 4

What is encoding?

Back 4

encoding is simplifying information so that it can be entered into a computer.

Front 5

What are advantages of encoding?

Back 5

• Faster to input data
• fewer transcription errors
• ^easier to validate
• less computer space req.
• faster for the computer to search for data

Front 6

What are disadvantages of encoding?

Back 6

• Lose accuracy
  
• Value judgement are difficult to encode.

Front 7

Good information is : ?

Back 7

• Accurate
• Complete
• Up-to-date
• Correctly targeted
• Understandable
• Relevant

Front 8

How does good info add value to an org.

Back 8

• Make better decisions
  
• Monitor progress
• target recourse's to gain advantage over comp.
• Spot trends

Front 9

Cost of good quality info :

Back 9

• Money - data maintenance
  
• Time - data collection
• HR - data entry / maintenance

Front 10

Advantage of using IT to process data

Back 10

• Repetitive processing can be carried out easier
• Faster
• Data storage capacity is bigger
• searching is faster
• communications is faster
• Formatting is easier
• More accuracy

Front 11

What is validation?

Back 11

Checking that data is reasonable when entered.

Front 12

What are methods of validation?

Back 12

• Presence check
• Format check
• Range Check
• Data type check
• Fixed Value Check
• Check digit

Front 13

What is verification?

Back 13

human process of checking the accuracy of the data.

Front 14

What are methods of verification?

Back 14

• Double entry
• Proof reading
• Sending back printouts

Front 15

Adv of networked comps over standalone comps

Back 15

• peripherals can be shared
  
• data files can be shared
• software can be installed on multiple computers at once
• communication is easier
• centralized backup, security and monitoring

Front 16

Disadv of standalone comps over networked comps

Back 16

• if a computer fails, recovery of data is hard
• virus can spread quicker
• security is weaker
• setup and maintenance is expensive

Front 17

What is an intranet?

Back 17

A restricted access network that works like the internet, however it is limited to a LAN or WAN.

Front 18

What is an extranet?

Back 18

is an intranet which allows peeps from the outside to access the intranet with a password/username

Front 19

Adv of email

Back 19

• Faster than normal mail

• Can send and receive at any time unlike posts

• Can send documents and other files electronically

• Cheaper than a phone call if contacting people from different countries

• Can send one message to multiple people

Front 20

Disadv of email

Back 20

• large volumes can slow down network
  
• emails can carry viruses
• security and privacy issues as emails can be intercepted
• personal emails can distract / waste time within a business
• full inboxes waste space on mail servers

Front 21

What is computer malpractice?

Back 21

behavior that is not illegal but is still inappropriate or wrong.

Front 22

Computer crimes : ?

Back 22

• Phishing
• Pornography
• Grooming
• Illegal downloading
• Hacking
• Creating Viruses

Front 23

What is the "Copyright Design & Patents Act"?

Back 23

1988, it protects software / music producers by making unauthorized copying of software illegal (piracy)

You must follow an EULA (End users license agreement)

Front 24

What is the "data protection act"?

Back 24

1984 & 1998, protects personal data and ensures privacy by setting rules about what organisations can and cannot do with personal data (piracy)

Front 25

What is the "Computer Misuse Act"?

Back 25

1990, hacking and creating viruses is illegal.

Front 26

Health and Safety?

Back 26

Eye Strain

Back Problems

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) in the wrist

Stress

Extra Low Frequency (ELF) Radiation

Front 27

Benefits of using spreadsheets : ?

Back 27

• Automatic calculation (formulas)
  
• "what if" scenarios
• instant updating
• use of lookups
• present data in different ways

Front 28

What is a simulation model?

Back 28

A simulation model is a computer program which is used to predict the behavior of a real life system. Different values can be inputted to produce different results.

Front 29

Car Crash Analysis - Adv

Back 29

• Cheaper than real life tests
  
• Safer than real life tests
• Hundreds of simulations can be done with tiny changes.

Front 30

Car Crash Analysis - Disadv

Back 30

• Model could over simplify the situation.
  
• Errors in data input could affect the accuracy of the simulation
• No model is 100% accurate

Front 31

Financial Forecasting.

Back 31

Break even analysis for businesses.

National economy analysis for government models.

Front 32

Adv of Financial forecasting

Back 32

• Can look at many different situations
• Save money
• can give long term predictions
• Tell a government if there will be a financial crisis

Front 33

Disadv of Financial forecasting

Back 33

• Not 100% accurate
  
• Errors in input values can affect results massively
• some situations are hard to model

Front 34

Weather Forecasting adv

Back 34

• Possible to get accurate weather predictions
• Can help farmers decide when to plant crops
• Can help gov and agencies plan for floods and other bad/good weather.

Front 35

Weather Forecasting disadv

Back 35

• A supercomputer is needed which is very expensive to buy and run
  
• Long range forecasts are not 100% accurate
• Always possibility for unpredictable weather to arrive (e.g. freak storm)

Front 36

What is import / export within a database?

Back 36

Import - data from a piece of software into a database.

Export - data from a database into a different piece of software.

Front 37

What is a query?

Back 37

A query interrogates a database by selecting fields and records which meet specific criteria.

Front 38

What is a report?

Back 38

Reports are used to output info from a database. Reports present the info that can be easily controlled by the user e.g. table, graph or chart.

Front 39

Adv of relational databases over flat (single) files : ?

Back 39

• Less redundant data

• Less chance of containing inconsistent data

• Faster to search

• More security

Front 40

Disadv of relational databases over flat (single) files : ?

Back 40

• A relational needs more expertise to set up and manage (but not use)
• Cost of training

Front 41

Human Computer Interface(s) (HCI)

Back 41

• Command Line
• GUI (WIMP)
• Speech Recognition
• Speech Synthesis
• Natural Language
• Touch Sensitive screens
• Biometric Devices

Front 42

Features of CAD

Back 42

• Zoom
• 3-D rotate
• Walk-Through
• Layers (Can look at different aspects of the design individually)
• Clip Art Libraries
• Hatching / Rendering (Show the finished appearance of a project without the need for a prototype)
• Wire-Frame (can work on a 3-D design without a lot of computer power)
• Costing
• Stress / Strain analysis

Front 43

Adv of CAD / CAM

Back 43

• More accurate than hand drawn designs
• Can edit ideas and designs easier and cheaper to edit as you go
• designs can be sent electronically anywhere
• Copy / Paste
• No need for a physical prototype.

Front 44

Disadv of CAD / CAM

Back 44

• Software can be expensive
  
• Staff needs to be trained
• Requires a powerful PC

Front 45

What is EPOS, EFT and EFTPOS

Back 45

EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale)

EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer)

EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale)

Front 46

Advantages

Back 46

• Gives customers a variety of payment methods
  
• Don't need to carry cash
• Less time wasted (counting change) - Customers are happier
• Supermarkets can offer additional services such as cashback and phone top ups
• Automatic stock reorder

Front 47

What info do barcode labels give?

Back 47

Manufacturer code

Country of origin

A check digit (but not the price)

Front 48

7 Steps of an Automatic Stock Control

Back 48

1. The comp matches code with database
2. Price is displayed at EPOS for customer
3. Record in database decreased by 1
4. Itemised Bill is printed for customer
5. Reorder stock level is checked
6. If stock level has fallen below, system records that new stock needs to be ordered and a request is sent to the supplier
7. The stock will be delivered and the database updated.

Front 49

Adv of automatic stock control

Back 49

• Money saved as less warehouse space is req.
• Smaller deliveries arrive everyday - easier for staff
• less risk of products being out of date
• Business is more aware of supply / demand changes
• EPOS systems allow staff performance to be monitored

Front 50

Online shopping adv to customer

Back 50

• Don't have to travel to shops - save time and money
• beneficial for disabled customers
• not limited to local shops
• Shop at any time
• Read reviews before purchasing
• Online discounts
• easily create shopping lists.

Front 51

Online shopping adv to the business

Back 51

• Low start up and running costs
• Cheaper and easier to update products
• Can serve wide geographical area
• Direct marketing
• can generate extra income through advertisements

Front 52

Disadv of online shopping

Back 52

• People anxious about giving out their credit card details online
• Anyone can set up an online business - some may not be honest
• Shopping is a social activity
• Deliveries may be difficult
• returns are time-consuming.
• Can't try before you buy.

Front 53

Adv of computer aided learning

Back 53

• Self-paced
  
• Interactive
• Good for pupils with learning difficulties
• Tasks can be revisited easily
• Teacher reports automatically generated

Front 54

Disadv of computer aided learning

Back 54

• No human motivation
  
• Cant ask to have things explained
• Cost of hardware / software

Front 55

Registration methods

Back 55

• OMR (Optical Mark Reader)
  
• Direct entry onto a LAN via keyboard & mouse / wireless tablet / PDA
• Swipe cards
• Fingerprint scanning

Front 56

Adv on digital register systems

Back 56

• Can help improve attendance
• better tracking
• reduces internal truancy
• parents easily informed of absences
• Automatic statistics creation
• Data can be automatically achieved

Front 57

Disadv on digital register systems

Back 57

• In case of fire the staff will not be able to use the system
• High initial cost
• System maintenance costs
• If something breaks system cannot be used

Front 58

Health sensors (input)

Back 58

• Blood pressure
• Blood gases sensor
• CO2 sensor for exhaled air
• EEG (electroencephalogram)
• Intra-cranial pressure sensor
• ECG (electrocardiogram)

(Disadv is that they need calibration to check accuracy)

Front 59

Health sensors outputs

Back 59

Numerical displays, graphs on paper or on monitors, aural warnings (BEEPS!)

Front 60

Scanning devices

Back 60

MRI (Magnetic resonance image)

CAT / CT scan (Computed Axial Tomography)

Front 61

Adv of scanning devices

Back 61

• Non invasive
  
• reduce unnecessary operations
• helps surgeons plan
• give very detailed images
• safe

Front 62

disadv of scanning devices

Back 62

• Expensive
  
• Claustrophobia. (Can't use with metal objects)
• Dangerous due to X-Rays - CT

Front 63

What is an expert system?

Back 63

A knowledge-based system which attempts to replace a human in an "expert" in a particular field

Front 64

What does an expert system consist of?

Back 64

A large database of knowledge, a human - computer interface, a set of rules for making deductions from the data (inference engine)

Front 65

What is a style sheet?

Back 65

A set of formats that can be applied instantly to selected text.

Front 66

What is a mail merge?

Back 66

Using fields from a database and inserting them into a standard document to produce multiple personalized copies automatically.

Front 67

What is a template?

Back 67

Pre-designed document in a word processing and DTP that can be used to produce new pieces of work.

Front 68

What is a macro?

Back 68

Small program that can be created and run from a keyboard shortcut, menu or a button.

Front 69

Thank f*ck for that, finally finished. I have left some things off but hey ho. The exam is tomorrow...

Back 69

Good Luck!!!