As Chemistry Unit 2 Module 2

Front 1

Volatility

Back 1

Is the ease that a liquid turns into a gas. Volatility increases as boiling point decreases.

Front 2

Reflux

Back 2

Is the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.

Front 3

Esterification

Back 3

Is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.

Front 4

Dehydration

Back 4

Is an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.

Front 5

Hydrolysis

Back 5

Is a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.

Front 6

Nucleophilic substitution

Back 6

Is a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

Front 7

% yield

Back 7

(actual amount (mol) of product/theoretical amount (mol) of product) x 100%

Front 8

A limiting reagent

Back 8

Is the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first.

Front 9

Atom economy

Back 9

(molecular mass of the desired product/sum of molecular masses of all products) x 100%

Front 10

Molecular ion, M+

Back 10

Is the positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron.

Front 11

Fragmentation

Back 11

Is the process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion.

Front 12

An electrophile

Back 12

Is an electron pair acceptor.

Front 13

A nucleophile

Back 13

Is an electron pair donor.