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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give the general formula for Haloalkanes.
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CnH2n+1X
x=halogen |
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What is a nucleophile?
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electron pair donor
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Which factor influences the rate of nucleophilic subsitution?
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*strength of C-X bond
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How does nucleophilic substitution work?
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halogens are electronegative.C-X polar bond
electrons attracted to X which becomes slightly negative. C is susceptible to attack from electrons c-X bond breaks, X- ion released. Nucleophile replaces X atom |
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What is another name given to the process of the reaction of haloalkanes and hydroxide ions?
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hydrolysis
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Give the essential conditions for reacting haloalkane and OH ions.
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Warm NAOH or KOH
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what is produced by OH ions and haloalkane?
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alcohols
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Give the essential conditions for reacting haloalkane and cynanides
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KCN is used
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what is produced by cyanides and haloalkanes?
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nitriles
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what are nitriles turned into?
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amides and then carboxylic acids and ammonia
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By which process?
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hydrolysis
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What is produced when reacting ammonia and haloalkanes?
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primary amines
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What is formed during base elimination?What is used?
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alkenes
OH ions |
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Give 3 factors affecting base elimination
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*structure of haloalkane...primary undergoes substitution, secondary undergoes both simultaneously and tertiary undergoes elimination
*Strength of Base *Reaction conditions |
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Name the conditions that can affect the outcome of the base elimination of secondary haloalkanes.
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*elimination is favoured by hot ethanolic conditions
*substitution is favoured by warm aqueous conditions |
