Article 10: The Local Government

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refers to a political subdivision of a nation or state, which is constituted by law and has substantial control affairs, with officials elected or otherwise locally selected.

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Local Government

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Local Governments continue to exist because of four necessary functions they perform, to wit: (4)

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1. Conferring identity to disparate communities;

2. Offering a means of dividing power by area or territory

3. Pruviding for greater participation of the people; and

4. Imparting services consistent with national policies.

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maintains a clear hierarchy between national and local levels, with powers enjoyed bythe subordinate units being delegated by the superior."

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Unitary system

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enjoys greater anthority to exercise governmental powers and functionsthan those in a unitary system. In line with this, it is in a better position to address the concerns of the inhabitants in its territory

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Unitary System

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as the state or process of systematicallydispersing power, authority and responsibility from the national government to local government units

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Decentralization

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Three Major Reasons Why Governments Decentralize (3)

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1. First, decentralization advances people participation.

2. Next, it also promotes self-reliance.

3. Finally, decentralization upholds re-sponsiveness.

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Carino (1998) likewise stated that decentralization may take fourForms: (4)

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1. deconcentration,

2. devolution,

3. privatization

4. and the transfer to NGOs and community organizations

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Also known as Administrative Decentralization

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Decentralization

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involves the delegation of functions by national government departments to their respective field unit.

Still final authority is still in the hands of the central authority or national department.

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Decentralization

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aims to free the central office from havingto take measures on concerns that may be best dealt with at lower levels.

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Deconcentration

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The setup is primarily administrative in nature.

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Deconcentration

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This form is often referred to as Political Decentralization

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Devolution

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which entails the transfer of powers from the center to local government units.

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Devolution

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is always associated with localautonomy, which is described as the capability of local government units for self-government.

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Devolution

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which is described as the capability of local government units for self-government

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Local Autonomy

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To this end, Cariño (1998) addsthat _______ is exemplified by the provisions of Republic Act 7160, otherwise known as The Local Government Code of 1991

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Devolution

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This is the transfer of responsibility to business firms in the performance of specialized tasks, entailing partnership between the government and the private sector.

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Privatization

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In the Philippines, ________ can clearly be seen in the mass transport system in the sharing of the function of infrastructure construction bettween the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and private contractors.

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Privatization

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may likewise occur when the national or local governments dispense public enterprises tocompetent private firms

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Privatization

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Local Governments Units in The Philippines (4)

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1. Barangay

2. Municipality

3. City

4. Province

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The Local Government Code of 1991 defines a _______ as the "basic political units" in the Philippines.

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Barangay

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It functions as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, program, projects, and activities in the community."

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Barangay

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It must also serve as a venue to consider the collective views of its residents and to resolve disputes.

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Barangay

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is created out of a "contiguous territory" with a population of at least 2,000 inhabitants, except in cities and municipalities "within metropolitan, political subdivisions or inhighly urbanized cities," where the population requirement is at least 5,000 inhabitants.

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Barangay

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Officers of Barangay (3)

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1. Punong Barangay

2. Seven members of Sangguniang barangay

3. Chairman of Sangguniang Kabataan

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It consists of a group of barangays

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Municipality

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must serve "for the coordination and deliv-ery of basic, regular, and direct services" to its inhabitants.

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Municipality

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The average annual income of a municipality, based on the 199I constant prices, must be at least P2,500,000.

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Municipality

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It also has a population of at least 25,000 inhabitants and minimum "contigous territory of 50 square kilometers.

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Municipality

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Municipal Officials (3)

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1. Mayor

2. Vice mayor

3. Sangguniang Bayan

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is comprised of urbanized and developed barangays," as against those barangaysthat composed a municipality.

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City

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tasked for the "coordination and delivery of basic regular and direct services" to the resident within its territory

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City

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Cities may be classified into two (2)

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1. component

2. Highly urbanized

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has an average annual income of atleast P20,000,000 based on 1991 constant prices.

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Component city

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It must have a "contiguous territory" of at least 100 square kilometers and a population of at least 150,000 inhabitants.

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Component city

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may likewise be independent of the province

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Component City

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An independent _______ city prohibits its voters from voting for provincial elective officials

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Component City

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has a population of not less than 200,000 inhabitants and an annual income of atleast P50,000,000.

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Highly urbanized

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, the biggest unit of local government

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Province

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A cluster of municipalities, or municipalities andcomponent cities

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Province

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to be the "political and corporate unit government"

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Province

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serves as potent venue for "development processes and effective governance of local government units."

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Province

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has an annual average income of at leastP20,000,000 based on the 1991 constant prices.

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Province

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It likewise has a minimum "contiguous territory" of 2,000 square kilometers anda population of at least 250,000 inhabitants.

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Province

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Provincial Officials (3)

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1. Governor

2. Vice Governor

3. Sangguniang panglalawigan members

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Regions in the Philippines

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1. Ilocos Region

2. Cagayan Valley

3. Central Visayas

4-A. CALABARZON

4-B MIMAROPA

5. Bicol Region

6. Western Visayan

7. Central Visayas

8. Eastern Visayan

9 Western Mindanao

10 Northern Mindanao

11 Southern Mindanao

12 SOCCSKSARGEN

13 Caraga

ARMM

CAR

NCR

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Region 1: Ilocos Region (4)

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Ilocos Norte

Ilocos Sur

La Union

Pangasinan

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Region 2: Cagayan Valley (5)

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Batanes

Cagayan

Isabela

Nueva Viscaya

Quirino

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Region 3: Central Luzon (6)

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Aurora

Bataan

Bulacan

Nueva Ecija

Pampanga

Tarlac

Zambales

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Region 4-A CALABARZON (5)

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Cavite

Laguna

Batangas

Rizal

Quezon

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Region 4-B MIMAROPA

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Marinduque

Oriental Mindoro

Occidental Mindoro

Palawan

Romblon

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Region V : Bicol (5)

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Albay

Cam Norte

Cam Sur

Masbate

Sorsogon

Catanduanes

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Region 6: Western Visayas (6)

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Aklan

Antique

Capiz

Iloilo

Negros Occidental

Guimaras

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Region 7: Central Visayas (4)

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Bohol

Cebu

Negros Oriental

Siquijor

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Region 8: Eastern Visayas (6)

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Northern Samar

Eastern Samar

Western Samar

Leyte

Southern Leyte

Biliran

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Region 9: Western Mindanao(3)

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Zamboanga Del Norte

Zamboanga Del Sur

Zamboanga Sibugay

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Region 10: Nothern Mindanao (5)

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Bukidnon

Camiguin

Misamis Occidental

Misamis Oriental

Lanao Del Norte

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Region 11: Southern Mindanao (4)

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Davao Del Norte

Davao Del Sur

Davao Oriental

Conpostela Valley

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Region 12: SOCCSKSARGEN (4)

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Cotabato

Sulatan Kudarat

South Cotabato

Sarangani

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Region 13: Caraga (4)

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Agusan del Norte

Agusan Del Sur

Surigao Del Norte

Surigao Del Sur

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ARMM (5)

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Lanao Del Sur

Maguindanao

Sulu

Tawi-Tawi

Basilan

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CAR (6)

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1. Abra

Benguet

Ifugao

Kalinga

Mountain Province

Apayao

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NCR (17)

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Manila

Quezon City

Caloocan

Pasay

Pasig

Makati

Mandaluyong

Marikina

Malabon

Muntinlupaa

Las Piñas

Paranaque

San Juan

Taguig

Pateros

Navotas

Valenzuela