Arth 103 Exam 1

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Woman from Willendorf. Limestone, Austria, c.24,000 BCE

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Hall of the Bulls. Paint on limestone, Lascaux caves, France, c.15,000‑13,000 BCE

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Stonehenge. Salisbury plain, England, c.2750‑1500 BCE

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Nanna Ziggurat, Ur, Iraq, c.2100-2050 BCE

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Bull lyre. Wood, gold, lapis lazuli, and shell, Ur, Iraq, c.2685 BCE

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Stele of Naramsin. Limestone, Iraq, c.2254‑2218 BCE

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Stele of Hammurabi. Basalt, Susa, Iran, c.1792‑1750 BCE

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Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu). Limestone, palace of Assurnasirpal, Nimrud, 883-859 BCE

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Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden. Alabaster, Nineveh, Iraq,c.647 BCE

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Apadana (Audience Hall) of Darius I and Xerxes I, Persepolis, Iran,518-c.460 BCE

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Funerary Mask of Tutankhamen. Gold, glass and semiprecious stones,c.1327 BCE

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(Closer Look pg. 52)Palette of Narmer. Mudstone, c.3000 BCE

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Plan of Djoser’s funerary complex. Saqqara, c.2681‑2662 BCE

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Khafre. Diorite, c.2500 BCE

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Great Pyramids, Giza. Granite and limestone, c. 2601-2515 BCE

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Papyriform and Bud Columns, Great Temple of Amun. Karnak, Egypt, c.1295-1186 BCE

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Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut. Deir el‑Bahri, c.1473‑1458 BCE

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Nefertiti. Painted limestone, c.1348-1336 BCE

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Queen Nefertari Making an Offering to Isis, wall painting, Valley of the Queens, Egypt, c. 1279-1213 BCE

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Adobe

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Sun-baked blocks made of clay mixed with straw

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Apotheosis

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The elevation of someone to divine status; deification

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Aten

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Life giving sung god represented as a disc during the Amarna Period

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Clerestory

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The topmost zone of a wall with windows, extending above the aisle roofs. Provides direct light into the nave

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Cuneiform

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An early form of writing with wedge-shaped marks impressed into wet clay with a stylus, primarily used by ancient Mesopotamians

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Cylinder Seal

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A small cylindrical stone decorated with incised patterns. When rolled across soft clay or wax, the resulting raised pattern or design served in Mesopotamia and Indus Valley cultures as an identifying signature

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Faience

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Glass paste made by heating sand and other materials

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Fresco

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A painting technique in which water based pigments are applied to a plaster surface

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Henge

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A circular area enclosed by stones or wood posts set up by Neolithic peoples. It is usually bounded by a ditch and raised embankment

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Horus

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Son of Osiris and Isis, depicted as a falcon. Represents the sky.

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Hypostyle

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A large interior room characterized by many closely spaced columns that support its roof

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Imhotep

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RoyalBuilder for King Djoser. First known artist in recorded history. Hewas high priest of the sun god Re, an architect and a doctor. Upon his deathhewas revered as a god.

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Lost-wax Casting

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A method of casting metal such as bronze. A wax mold is covered with clay and plaster, then fired, thus melting the wax and leaving a hollow form. Molten metal is then poured into the hollow space and slowly cooled. When the hardened clay and plaster exterior shell is removed, a solid metal form remains to be smoothed and polished

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Mastaba

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A flat-topped, one-story structure with slanted walls built over an ancient Egyptian underground tomb

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Necropolis

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A large cemetery or burial area; literally a "city of the dead"

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Obelisk

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Shaft topped by pyramidal shape. Sun symbol erected in cermonial space

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Post-and-Lintel

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An architectural system of construction with two or more vertical elements (posts) supporting a horizontal element (lintel)

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Rock-Cut Tomb

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Tomb cut directly into the rock on the side of a cliff

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Sarcophagus

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A stone coffin. Often rectangular and decorated with relief sculpture

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Trabeated

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Columns having horizontal beams or lintels rather than arches

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Parts of a column

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Base

Shaft

Capital

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Ka

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The life force of a person that can live on after the death of the physical body and inhabit the corpse- the purpose of mummification. Can live in Ka statue

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Mastaba

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These were rectangular stone or brick structures which were placed over underground burial chambers

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Re

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Sun god, creator god

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Armana Period

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Akhenaten initiates the worship of Aten

monothiestic, capital - Akhetaten

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Paleolithic

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Old Stone Age

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Lower Paleolithic

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Neanderthal

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Upper Paleolithic

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Cro-Magnon 38,000-8,000

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Neolithic

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New Stone Age

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Meaning of Cave Painting

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Art for art's sake

Magic theory- depiction of animals meant success in the hunt. Shamanism

Scientific: meaningful pictures: by way f more recent studies we know that the animals depicted did not form a significant part of the diet of the people that lived in the area at the time

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Mesopotamia

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Domestication of Plants and Animals

First Cities

Earliest Empire

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Ancient Near East

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Sumer, Akkad, Sumer (Babylon), Assyria, Neo, Babylonia, Persia

Cities, arch, fortifications, guardian animal, brick, ziggurat, 4 sided containers, palace (palace complex), tow-towered entrances