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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pain in the muscles occuring during excercise but subsiding wiht rest. Inadequate blood supply to the existing muscle.
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Claudication
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Suggests aortoiliac disease
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Buttock Claudication
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Suggests distal external iliac/common femoral
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Thigh Claudication
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A more severe symptom of diminished blood flow to the most distal portion of the extremity. Pain at rest, usually occurs when the limb is not in a dependent position.
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Ischemic rest pain
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Ischemic rest pain symptoms occur where?
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Forefoot,heel toes NOT CALF
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Usually due to deficient or absent blood supply?
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Tissue loss, necrosis, tissue death
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Acute arterial occlusion symptoms
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Pain,pallor pulselessness,paraesthesia,paralysis,palor,purplish
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Cold sensitivity symptoms
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Changes in color such as pallor,cyanisis,rubor
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Symptoms of intermittent ischemia of the fingers or toes occur in response to cold exposure as well as emotional stress.
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Raynauds Phenomenom
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Insoluble in water,elevated plasma lipids are closely associated with the development of artherosclerosis
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Hyperlipidemia
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Contributing factors to artherosclerotic process
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Diabetes,hyperdipidemia,smoking,age,family hx, male gender
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Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries. Changes occur in the intima and media layer.
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Artherosclerosis,arteriosclerosis obliterans
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis
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smoking,hyperlipidemia,family hx
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Atherosclerosis most commonly occurs where
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Carotid Bifurcation
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Caused by obstruction of the terminal aorta, usually occurs in males and is characterized by fatigue in hips, thighs or calves on excercising absence of pulsation in femoral artery
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Leriche syndrome
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Obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot, may be solid, liquid or gaseous and may rise from the body or may enter from without
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embolisim
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Most common cause of embolism
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Plaque breaking loose and traveling distally until it gets lodged in a small vessel
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Types of aneurysm
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True,Dissecting, Pseudo
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Includes all 3 layers of the vessel wall
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True
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Most common location of true aneurysm
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Infarenal aorta (but can be in any artery in the body)
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Causes of aneurysm
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Unknown but may include, poor arterial nutrition, Congential defects, infection atherosclerosis,trauma, iatrogenic injury
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Different types of aneurysm
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fusiform,saccular,concentric
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Localized out-pouching of artery, resulting from wall thinning and stretching
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Saccular aneurysm
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Diffuse circumferential dilation of an artery
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fusiform
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Occurs when asmall tear of the intima allows blood flow to form a cavity b/w 2 wall layers most often occurs in thoracic aorta
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dissecting aneurysm
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A pulsating hematoma a hole in the arterial wall permits blood to escape under pressure into tissue
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psuedoaneurysm
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Causes of pseudoaneurysm
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insertion of catheter, dialysis,trauma, or any puncture to vessel
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Inflammation of the arterial wall,often results in thrombis of the vessel and can affect tibial and peroneal arteris as well as the smaller distal vessels
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arteries
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most common form of arteritis
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buerger's disease AKA thromboangitis
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Congenital narrowing of stricture of the thoracic aorta that may affect the abdominal
aorta as well |
-coarctation of aorta
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Clinical findings of coarctation of aorta
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-HTN due to decreased kidney perfusion or manifestations of lower ext ischemia,
decreased pulses, and pressures |
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Where is coarctation of the aorta normally seen
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-just after the arch
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The media is weakened, the intima develops a tear through which blood leaks into the
false lumen |
-dissection artery
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Dissection artery distinguishing feature
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-the thin membrane that divides the arterial lumen into two compartments
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Complications of a dissecting aorta
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-dissection enlarges, there is a risk of significant stenosis and or occlusion of the
main artery |
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Symptoms of vasospastic disorder/cold sensitivity
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-changes in skin color; palor, cyanosis, rubor, pain
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Two types of Raynaud’s phenomenon
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-primary (idiopathic), secondary
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Intermittent digital ischemia caused by digital arterial spasm, common in young women,
may be hereditary |
-primary raynaud’s
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Consists of normal vasoconstrictive responses of the arterioles on a fixed obstruction.
Ischemia is constantly present |
-secondary raynaud’s
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Caused by compression of the popliteal artery by the medial head of the gastrocnemius
muscle or fibrous bands, usually young men and bilateral Pop artery is most commonly written about |
-entrapment syndromes
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Ulcerations as a result of arterial insufficiency are usually deep and regular in shape,
often over the tibial area and painful compared to venous ulcerations |
-lesions
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Tissue death, absent blood supply and smelly
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-gangrene
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Palpable vibration or thrill over a pulse may indicate?
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-fistula, poststenotic turbulence, or patent dialysis graft
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Low frequency sound heard on auscultation, can be from stenosis or valves
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-bruits
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In cases of severe stenosis, usually greater than 90% diameter reduction **bruit
disappears** |
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