Art - Native North America, Lesson 12

Front 1

Number of different languages at time of contact in North America

Back 1

200

Front 2

Number of people in North America at time of contact

Back 2

10 to 12 million people

Front 3

By this year, natives had been de-populated by about 95%

Back 3

1600, due mostly to diseases brought by Europeans

Front 4

Art had

Back 4

Specific purpose

Front 5

May have been functional, or may have been creative expression of personal pride

Back 5

Decoration

Front 6

Culture of mound builders

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Adena

Front 7

Skilled rendering of figure, emphasis on head, animated face, perhaps cult object

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Pipe in shape of a figure, Adena, Ancient Woodlands, 500 BD to AD 1

Front 8

Serpent Mound

Back 8

Adams County, Ohio, 1250 feet long, 20 feet wide, 4-5 feet high

Front 9

Anthromorphic and zoomorphic shapes (serpent, bird, and humans)

Back 9

Mica cutouts

Front 10

Platform pipe with animal on top, spirit guardian usually faces smoker, communication with animal spirit

Back 10

Pipes

Front 11

Four stage series of mounds oriented to the solstices, aligned with plazas, pathways, was a living and ceremonial center

Back 11

Cahokia, Illinois

Front 12

Human figures used as grave goods

Back 12

Marble Figurines, Etowah

Front 13

Incised designs on shells, from the gulf, traded inland, eye-of-falcon motif is seen frequently, holds decapitated hand

Back 13

Shell gorget, Mississippian, Ancient Woodlands

Front 14

O.B.S. I

Back 14

Artifacts are images of female figures made from ivory, might have been fertility figures or to help in childbearing

Front 15

O.B.S. II

Back 15

Mot prevalent objects from this period are Winged Objects, use is uncertain, but probably counterbalances for spear or harpoon

Front 16

O.B.S. III

Back 16

Useful, but undetermined, objects with dense patterns

Front 17

Ipuitak

Back 17

Parallel to the O.B.S. culture but in the Point Hope area

Front 18

Masks

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Burial masks for a cult of dead that emphasized funeral goods

Front 19

Refer to anytime before contact with Europeans

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Prehistoric

Front 20

Three major cultural groups

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Prehistoric southwest

Front 21

Centered around Four Corners area

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Anasazi

Front 22

Pueblo I

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AD 750 to 900, above ground masonry rooms begin to appear

Front 23

Pueblo II

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AD 900 to 1100, urban complexes developed, multiple roomed, multi-stories structures (pueblos)

Front 24

Pueblo III

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AD 1100 to 1300, the era of large pueblos, great multi-story apartments of stone masonry

Front 25

Anasazi site in New Mexico

Back 25

Chaco Canyon

Front 26

Ruins of nine structures in the canyon

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Chaco Canyon

Front 27

Over 100 townships and related sites in the vicinity of Chaco Canyon

Back 27

Outliers

Front 28

D shaped, arrange as two halves with a single entrance

Back 28

Pueble Bonito

Front 29

Circular, covered pit used for ceremonies

Back 29

Kivas

Front 30

A small indentation in the ground called

Back 30

Sipapu, symbolic navel (kachinas emerge from here)

Front 31

Pueblo IV activity

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Kiva painting (elaborate and formal paintings of various kachinas)

Front 32

Anasazi location in southwest Colorado

Back 32

Mesa Verde

Front 33

Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde

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Anasazi, Ancient Southwest

Front 34

Tallest structures are 4 stories, has 200-250 rooms

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Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde

Front 35

Between 1150 and 1300 most Anasazi sites were abandoned

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Anasazi abandonment/dislocation

Front 36

Lived in the Sonoran Desert, around the Salt and Gila Rivers (Arizona)

Back 36

Hohokam

Front 37

Mogollon, AD 1 to 1150

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West New Mexico, east Arizona

Front 38

Lived along the Mimbres River in New Mexico / east Arizone

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Mimbres

Front 39

Mimbres Bowl, Mogollon

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Ancient southwest, 1050 to 1300 AD

Front 40

Bodies were buried in flex position with bowl inverted over head of deceased

Back 40

Mimbres bowl

Front 41

Most have a hole punched in bottom, called the kill-hole

Back 41

Mimbres bowl

Front 42

From OBS I (200 BC to AD 100) the most numerous artifacts are

Back 42

Images of females made from ivory (walrus tusk)

Front 43

The most prevalent objects from OBS II (AD 100 to 300) have been named

Back 43

Winged Objects

Front 44

During OBS III (AD 300 to 500) many useful, but undetermined, objects with

Back 44

Dense surface patterning have been found

Front 45

Another ancient culture that parallels in time to the OBS culture but in a different area (Point Hope), made elaborate masks for burials that indicate a cult of dead that emphasized funeral goods.

Back 45

Ipuitak

Front 46

Bird, fish, deer, bear, snake, and people are all common motifs in this art

Back 46

Hopewell

Front 47

Mica hand

Back 47

Hopewell

Front 48

Designs on shell gorgets (round ornaments) and breastplates indicate another Mississippian cult

Back 48

Hopewell, Southern Cult

Front 49

In the Southwest there were three major ancient developments

Back 49

Anasazi in the four corners area, Hohokam in southern Arizona, Mogollon in south-eastern Arizona, and south-western New Mexico.

Front 50

Also referred to as Ancient Puebloan

Back 50

The Anasazi

Front 51

The largest and greatest achievement of the Anasazi, a structure built in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico

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Pueblo Bonito

Front 52

Lived in the Sonoran Desert, around the Salt and Gila Rivers in Arizo

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Hohokam

Front 53

The only remaining structure built by the Hohkam

Back 53

Casa Grande

Front 54

The main structure of Casa Grande, a three-story building standing 35 feet high, made of

Back 54

caliche (a desert soil adobe with high lime content)

Front 55

One of the localized groups of Mogollon has been named

Back 55

Mimbres

Front 56

The Mimbres culture is known for their

Back 56

Black-and-white pottery bowls

Front 57

Considered the mother culture of Mesoamerican Mexico

Back 57

Olmec

Front 58

The early pyramid found at La Venta represented the

Back 58

Sacred mountain

Front 59

The colossal heads found at San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotes are now thought to represent

Back 59

Rulers

Front 60

Which of the following was a cosmopolitan center with merchants from the Veracruz and Zapotec peoples?

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Teotihuacán

Front 61

Teotihuacán was greatly revered and visited by the

Back 61

Aztecs

Front 62

Which of the following were found in the four corners in each of the tiers of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacán?

Back 62

Sacrificed children

Front 63

The portrait of Ruler 13 can be found on Stele D from Copán. He holds across his chest a symbol of the sky and his absolute power represented as a

Back 63

Double headed serpent bar

Front 64

Bonampak is famous for its

Back 64

Murals

Front 65

The stone carving at the temple complex at Chavín de Huántar can best be described as

Back 65

Shallow linear incisions

Front 66

Paracas textiles are considered masterpieces in Andean art. A recurring motif is flying or floating figures that current scholarship has interpreted as

Back 66

Religious practitioners

Front 67

In the Adena culture, a treasured item that was buried with the deceased

Back 67

Pipe

Front 68

Which of the following is one suggested interpretation for the Great Serpent Mound?

Back 68

Halley's comet

Front 69

The Mimbres culture is renowned for

Back 69

Black-on-white painted bowls

Front 70

In the twelfth century, this caused the Ancestral Puebloans to abandon their open canyon floor dwelling sites.

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Drought

Front 71

A gorget is a

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Neck pendant

Front 72

The Mimbres culture occupied

Back 72

Southwestern New Mexico

Front 73

In the 12th century, the Ancestral Puebloans relocated to

Back 73

Mesa Verde, Colorado