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45 Cards in this Set
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Millet, Gleaners, 1857, France/Realism -poor women collecting whatever the harvesters left in the field. -focus on back-breaking labor of peasants -sympathy to the poor -overseer on horse and fruits of harvest in distant background |
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Courbet, A Burial at Ornans, 1849, France/Realism -his manifesto painting --> first socialist painting -huge, figures are life sized -open grave in viewers eyeline -no focal point, not structured, ignores rules of composition -scene of the lowerclass & death of romanticism |
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Talbot, A View of the Boulevards of Paris, 1843, England/Calotype Photography/Realism -calotype invented by Talbot -lack of crisp, clear detail -photography=democratic -no way to really manipulate photography-->true realism |
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Millais, Ophelia, 1851, England/Pre-Raphaelitism -drew from literature (shakespeare), fiction scene -model painted in bath tub, but setting was extremely realistic -one of the greatest painted nature studies, all plant life real -new idea of realism: fake subject with perfect fidelity of what you can see |
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Manet, Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe, 1863, France/Realism -considered scandalous-->nude woman sitting with fully dressed men -she is looking directly at viewer, not embarrassed -new brand of realism: controversial pictorially rather than politically -stark light, not trying to enhance her features -men dressed in contemporary fashion, she is like Venus |
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Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, England/Impressionism -concept of "modernity" -trying to capture the fugitive and the ephemeral -fireworks, smoke/fog in London -critics thought this wasn't a reasonable subject for a painting |
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Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1872, France/Impressionism -illusion of people through brushstrokes -sun reflecting on water -amazing sense of sky and misty morning |
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Degas, The Dance Lesson, c. 1879, France/Impressionism -degas was interested in the handwork of ballerinas -unconventional composition, spontaneous, painted in a broad way -appears effortless, but intense amount of labor behind it -non-traditional canvas (width>height), decorative, new visual devices |
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Cassatt, In the Loge, 1878, France/Impressionism -woman went alone to afternoon show-->transgressive -woman is doing the action -men are supposed to be looking at women: man with opera glasses looking towards her -american artist (female), follower of Degas |
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Cézanne, Montagne Sainte-Victoire c. 1887, France/Post-Impressionism -dissatisfied with light weight impressionist paintings -building up shapes into an image, patchwork quilt -not capturing an instant, carefully analyzing -probably most influential artist -looking at landscape in a very different way -began as follower of impressionism |
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Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1884, France/Post-Impressionism -taking a traditional impressionist sunset activity -not sure what the class of the subject is -he was a member of the middle class -pointilism, scientific, commonly paints with opposing colors |
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Van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, France/Post-Impressionism -scene essentially that he saw from the window of the asylum -he had a mental breakdown--> sky expresses his emotion, uses the colors he felt -textured, broad and vigorous brush strokes, immediacy of the artist -euphoria: link of the earth in the sky |
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Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1778, United States/Neoclassicism -first famous american painter, very good at capturing the likeness of a human -Paul Revere, long before he was a political hero -Revere=craftsman -Copley wanted to elevate the status of a craftsman: strong, intellectual, moral,etc. -pyramid form, bright light, association of Revere and the free masons |
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Bingham, Fur Traders Descending the Missouri, 1845, United States/Romanticism -the sunset of savagery, very peaceful and tranquil, no sign of trouble -nostalgic image: at this time there were no longer independent traffickers -there is no danger in the west--intended for easterners -by this time, the Indians were no longer in Missouri |
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Cole, The View from Mount Holyoke-The Oxbow, 1836, United States/Romanticism -studied Constable and Turner -depicts the unsettled parts of America, the wilderness -one side is cultivated, peaceful, and beautiful; the other side is complete wilderness, landscapes, and storm. -difficult to know which side Cole is favoring -sun shading is bridge between the two sides -should we preserve wilderness? or tame wilderness? |
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Bierstadt, Looking Down Yosemite Valley, California, 1865, United States/Romanticism -German painter, fled war and came to California -part of the U.S that was seen for the first time by white people during the gold rush -celebrates the beauty of painting -nationalistic-->gives sense of grandeur, extremely empty golden light -golden haze a sigh of divine power |
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Homer, Veteran in a New Field, 1865, United States/Realism -optimistic title-->unreal field of wheat -military jacket is left to the side-->civil war ended and everyone went home -god rewarding the Union with beautiful display of wheat -single-bladed tool represents the grim reaper-->encapsulates the mixed emotions at the end of the war: relief that its over, but continuing grief. |
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Eakins, The Gross Clinic, 1879, United States/Realism -exhibited in Philadelphia to celebrate 100 years of the declaration of independence -Dr. Gross, med school students looking down (like Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson) -live person being operated on, amputation, mother recoiling in horror -chloroform on patients face-->development of anesthesia |
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Sargent, Madame X, 1883, United States/Realism -portrait painting of young socialite, notorious for rumored infidelity -a study in opposition-->opposing colors -very controversial |
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Hassam, Late Afternoon, New York, Winter, 1900, United States/American Impressionism -compared to Monet, pure impressionist painter but not as interested in naturalism -magical effect of the city at twilight in the snow: poetic effect but not quiet realistic -tonalism: painted in one dominant tone -tapestry effect, muted noise of city with snow, masked the sky scrapers -"unreality" -transformed everyday life of city and made it more pleasing -natural appearance of scene seems more artificial and artful |
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Henri, Snow in New York, 1902, United States/Urban Realism -objected magical view of city, focused on underbelly of city -dirty snow, ordinary spot, not beautiful, many saw it as very ugly -this is what the city is, not making social criticism at all -American manner |
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Dove, Fog Horns, 1929, United States/Modernism -first truly abstract american painter -always rooted in the natural world, an impression of something -when he hears the sound of a fog horn, this is what he sees -circular forms look like the bells of the horn -synesthesia: the production of a sense impression relating to a bodily sense |
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Sheeler, American Landscape, 1930, United States/Precisionism -photographic quality to it, linear, highly measured, geometric -industrial marvel, only one tiny indication of a human figure -american landscapes have been displaced by factories -Ford: dehumanizing people and starting mass production in America |
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Wood, American Gothic, 1930, United States/Regionalism -result of movement called realism-->regionalist artists objected to the results of the armory show -felt that American art had become Europeanized -american artists were forgetting their roots and completely ignoring the mid-west and deep south -trying to restore some traditions, folk life,and history of American settlement -background house is in the American Gothic style -Iowa, wanted to paint the kind of people who would have lived in the house -icon of American art |
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Robinson, Fading Away, 1858, England/Albumen Silver Print -photography started to become more artistic rather than scientific -pictorialists: narrate and express through pictures -used painterly technique, emphasized work of artists hand -combination printing, made from five different negatives --> departs from reality, fictional representation -warm brown tone--> made from egg whites |
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Atget, Pendant l'Eclipse, 1912, France/Gelatin Silver Print -documents life in Paris -transition in Paris from grandeur to industrialized -shows group of people on the street viewing a solar eclipse, just a few days after the sinking of the titanic -sky is white, top left corner black area=vignetting |
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Weston, Shells, 1927, United States/Gelatin Silver Print -f/64 group (San Fran)--> putting forth new ideals of photography -valued a small aperture, sharp contrast, rich tonality, disliked cropping -photography in mind not hands -simple and direct presentation, pure photography |
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Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, 1936, United States/Gelatin Silver Print -documentary photography -migrant workers and share croppers -farm security administration wanted photographers to document poverty in the west -empathy, social cause, mother is a madonna-like figure |
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Adams, Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, 1941, United States/Gelatin Silver Print -iconic image -big negative, captures more detail -sharp detail, rich and tonal variety -printing techniques and composition of the image -different register throughout the photograph -working with ideals |
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Matisse, The Woman with a Hat, 1905, France/Fauvism -shocking use of color and abstractions -brush strokes alternate between thin and thick, agitated strokes -colors are not natural, flattens out figure, no conventional shading technique |
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Matisse, Bonheur de Vivre, 1906, France/Fauvism -evokes nausea -draws on classical imagery, pastoral scenery, influenced by Igres -inconsistency in scale of figures--> confusing -lack of faces, tension, not anatomically correct |
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Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907, France/Modernism -five nude figures arranged around a still life of fruit -stylistic heterogeneity, experimenting with facial features -connects to african art-->masks -no clear distinction between background and foreground |
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Picasso, The Guitarist, 1910, France/Cubism -feels the cube relies too much on depth, changes his approach -reducing terms of painting-->makes object in space ambiguous -palette limited almost entirely to shades of brown -lines give sense of body's contours, but rigid black lines cut across body and space |
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Braque, The Portuguese, 1911, France, Cubism -curtain, text, curtain -continuous oscillation between surface and depth -challenge of how to undermine illusionism |
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Picasso, Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912, France/Cubism(Collage) -collage: pasting everyday materials, adds link of rope to perimeter of canvas -fragment of oil cloth, journals, newspapers -looks like chair top/table top/cafe scene -declares the literal surface of the canvas -POV always shifting |
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Kandinsky, Composition V, 1911, Germant/Expressionism (Blaue Riter) -wanted his art to be about internal relations -medium specificity |
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Kandinsky, Impression III (Concert), 1911, Germany/Expressionism -depicts the sensation of music, what music feels like -not a figural composition -uses color like musical notes -inspired after attending a classical concert |
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Mondrian, Composition No. III with Red, Blue, Yellow, and Black, 1929, the Netherlands/Neo-Plasticism -looking at the essence of something through oppositions put in balance and harmony |
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Malevich, Black Square, 1915, Russia/Suprematism -inspired by Russia's new socialist movement -the essential and basic form of something -takes medium specificity VERY far: nothing but paint on canvas |
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Malevich, Suprematist Painting (White on White), 1918, Russia/Suprematism |
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Grosz and Heartfield, The Middle-class Philistine Heartfield Gone Wild, 1920, Germany/Dada -assemblage -making a point about the atrocity of war -emasculation-->teeth over genital area -prosthetic leg/lamp post -lightbulb head/electroshock therapy -kind of like a 3d collage -dark, but humorous |
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Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Era of the Weimar Beer-Belly Culture, 1919, Germany/Dada -criticizing domestic life and politics -shows contemporary political figures: the kaiser, lennon, marx, etc -circular mechanical composition, circle=revolution -female dancer in center=women's role in the political revolution |
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Duchamp, Fountain, 1917, United States/Dada |
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Ray, Anatomy, c. 1930, France/Surrealism -taking the female body and framing it in a strange and unreal way -makes female body look like an erect penis -slightly blurry, dream-like atmosphere -dehumanizes female form -automatism and subconsciousness |
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Oppenheim, Object: Fur Breakfast, 1936, France/Surrealism -sexual undertones -intended to make one think of the domestic sphere and then become confused -wants to provoke a physical, emotional, and psychological reaction-->repulsion |
